GV 731 



FOX S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



THE OFFICIAL 





FOR ALL 



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RICHARD K. FOX" 
PUBLISHNG CO. 

RANKLIN SQ., NEW YORK 



PRICFi 



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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/newbookofrulesofOOfoxr 




RICHARD K. FOX 



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S35 



THE NEW 



BOOK OF 
^RULES 








OFFICIAL AND 
STANDARD 

TOGETHER WITH THE 

RULES — 

OF THE 



AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION 



Richard K. Fox Publishing Company 

Franklin Square, New York City 






.^ 



Copyright 1913 
BY RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING COMPANY. 



.©CU3*3016 



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INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 

Richard K. Fox 2 

Frank Gotch 12 

Ad Wolgast 18 

Rube Marquard 24 

Bombardier Wells 30 

Pat McDonald 36 

Joe Turner s 42 

Warren Travis „ 48 

Hannes Kohlemamen 54 

Harry Seeback 60 

Johnny Coulon 66 

George Horine , 72 

Jim Duncan 78 

Annette Kellerman 84 

Abe Kiviat 90 

Dick Arnst „ 96 

Frank Kramer 102 

St. Yves .„ 114 



INDEX. 

PAGE 

Amateur Athletic Rules, general 8 

Amateur Athletic Rules, official 15 

Bowling, Ten Pins 37 

Bowling, Nine Pins 38 

Bowling, Cocked Hat 38 

Bowling, Head Pins 38 

Bowling, Head Pin, Police Gazette Medal 39 

Billiards, Three Ball Caroms 40 

Billiards, Four Ball Caroms 43 

Billiards, Cushion Caroms 44 

Billiards, Four Ball Pocket Game 44 

Broad Sword 45 

Boxing, Revised Queen.sbury Rules 46 

Boxing, London Prize Ring Rules 47 

Boxing, Amateur Athletic Union Rules 52 

Clug Swinging Rules 56 

Cock Fighting, Standard Rules 57 

Dog Fighting 61 

Handball, Amateur Athletic Rules of America 82 

Handball, Gaelic Athletic Association of Ireland 85 

Hockey 89 

Hockey Rules 91 

Jumping, Running, Hop, Step and Jump, Hurdle Jumping. . 92 

Standing Broad Jump 93 

Pistol Shooting 93 

Pool, Pyramid 94 

Pool, Chicago 97 

Pool, Bottle 99 

Putting the Stone 101 

Quoit Throwing . 101 

Rat Killing 104 

Running 105 

Swimming 106 

Throwing the Hammer 107 

Tug-of-War 107 

Wrestling 110 

Baseball (sea Baseball Book, by John McG-raw). 



<^y 



'"PHIS Book of Rules, which has been carefully 
revised and brought up to date, will no 
doubt be a valuable acquisition to those 
interested in sport. While it does not contain 
all the rules available, it is sufficiently com- 
prehensive to include those games and sports 
which are most popular and most generally 
practiced. 

It may be relied upon as a standard author- 
ity, with one or two exceptions — cock-fighting 
and dog-fighting. In those cases the rules are 
amended according to the section of country in 
which the contest is held, but the amendments 
are usually very slight. 

The value of this volume cannot be under- 
estimated and all future editions will be kept 
up to date both in the matter of text and illus- 
trations. 

Richard K. Fox Publishing Company 



GENERAL RULES 

OF THE 

Amateur Athletic Union. 



RULE I. 

SUSPENSION OR DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS. 

Any person competing or exhibiting at open sports, or 
any athletic entertainment that is not given under the 
sanction of the Amateur Athletic Union or of one of its 
allied members, shall thereby disqualify himself from com- 
peting at any sports given under sanction of the Amateur 
Athletic Union. 

The Registration Committee of the Association in whose 
territory the offence was committed shall have the power to 
reinstate any one so disqualified, if it shall think fit. 

Athletic meetings promoted by companies, incorporated 
bodies, individuals or associations of individuals, as pri- 
vate speculations or in conjunction with a benefit, social or 
picnic entertainment, are not, unless with the sanction of 
the Registration Committee of the Association in whose 
territory such meetings are to take place, recognized by 
the Amateur Athletic Union, and any athlete competing 
at an unrecognized meeting shall thereby suspend himself 
from all games held under Amateur Athletic Union Rules. 

No person shall be allowed to compete at any meeting 
held under Amateur Athletic Union Rules while disqual- 
ified or under a sentence of suspension of this Union or 
any of its active or allied members. 

Any person knowingly competing against one who is 
disqualified or under sentence of suspension by this Union, 
or any of its active or allied members, shall be held to 
have suspended himself until the expiration of such sen- 
tence, or for such period as the Registration Committee of 
the Association in whose territory the offence was com- 
mitted may deem proper. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



No person who, at any time since the organization of the 
A. A. U., has knowingly become a professional, shall be 
reinstated as an amateur. 

No application for reinstatement to full amateur status 
shall be entertained unless the applicant shall have ab- 
stained from all professional conduct for two years, and 
can be acted upon only at a meeting of the Amateur Ath- 
letic Union or of the Board of Governors. A two-thirds 
vote shall be necessary for reinstatement. 

Any person receiving compensation for services per- 
formed in any capacity in connection with athletic games, 
or in an athletic club, will be ineligible to represent such 
club in games under the rules of the Amateur Athletic 
Union until he shall have permanently abandoned such em- 
ployment. 

Any member of any club of either of the Associations of 
the Amateur Athletic Union who shall have been expelled 
from said club for unpaid indebtedness shall not be eligible 
to compete in any games given by any Association of the 
Amateur Athletic Union, or by any club of any Association 
of the Amateur Athletic Union, until such indebtedness 
is liquidated. 

RULE II. 

OFFICIAL HANDICAPPERS. 

It shall be the duty of the official handicappers to keep 
books containing the names and performances of all regis- 
tered athletes in their districts and to handicap all handicap 
games or events. These books shall be the property of 
the respective Associations of the Amateur Athletic Union. 
The official handicappers shall check the entries of all 
novices without charge, being sure that they are registered. 

They shall receive and handicap all entries furnished 
them by the proper parties up to the time they return their 
lists, but no entry shall be handicaped on the day of the 
games. 

The committee in charge of all open handicap games or 
events, given under the rules of the Amateur Athletic 
Union, must employ the official handicapper, and pay him 
the following rates : 

Ten cents for each separate entry, but no meeting shaK 
be handicapped for less than $5. 

The total number of entries in all handicap events added 
together shall determine the number of entries, each name 
in each event counting separately. 



IO THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

All fees for handicapping must be paid to the handicapper 
before he delivers the handicaps. 

When for any reason the official handicapper shall fail 
to handicap any set of games, the entries shall be sent to 
the local member of the Registration Committee, who shall 
see that they are properly handicapped and returned. 



RULE III. 

CHAMPIONSHIP EVENTS. 

The annual track and field championships of the Amateur 
Athletic Union shall consist of a senior class and junior 
class. The senior class shall be open to all registered ama- 
teur athletes, and the junior class shall be open to a! 1 r eg- 
istered amateur athletes who have not won a first prize at 
any A. A. U. Track and Field Championship meeting, a 
Canadian championship meeting, a cross-country cham- 
pionship, intercollegiate championship or the championship 
of any foreign country. The winner of any event in the 
junior championship shall be ineligible for further competi- 
tion in the junior class. Nothing shall prevent an athlete 
entering in both senior and junior championships and com- 
peting in both classes the same day, providing he has not 
previously won a senior championship. 

The annual championships shall be as follows : 

I. Outdoor Field Meeting. 

ioo Yards Run. 

220 Yards Run. 

440 Yards Run. 

880 Yards Run. 

One Mile Run. 

Five Mile Run. 

Pole Vault for Height. 

Running High Jump. 

Running Broad Jump. 

Throwing 16-lb. Hammer. 

Throwing 56-lb. Weight for Distance. 

Putting 16-lb. Shot. 

Throwing Discus. 

120 Yards Hurdle, 10 flights 3 ft. 6 in. high. 

220 Yards Hurdle, 10 flights 2 ft. 6 in. high. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. II 

2. Indoor Supplementary Meeting. 

75 Yards Run. 

150 Yards Run. 

300 Yards Run. 

600 Yards Run. 

1,000 Yards Run. 

Two Mile Run. 

Standing Broad Jump. 

Standing High Jump. 

Three Standing Broad Jumps. 

Running Hop, Step and Jump. 

Pole Vault for Distance. 

Throwing 56-lb. Weight for Height. 

Putting 24-lb. Shot. 

220 Yards Hurdle, 10 flights 3 ft. 6 in. high. 

300 Yards Hurdle, 10 flights 2 ft. 6 in. high. 

3. Individual General Athletic Competition. Order of 

Events. Scoring on the percentage basis. 
100 Yards Run. 
Putting 16-lb. Shot. 
Running High Jump. 
880 Yards Walk. 
Throwing 16-lb. Hammer. 
Pole Vault for Height. 

120 Yards Hurdle, 10 flights 3 ft. 6 in. high. 
Throwing =;6-lb. Weight for Distance. 
Running Broad Jump. 
One Mile Run. 

4. Swimming. 

100 Yards. 
220 Yards. 
440 Yards. 
880 Yards. 
One Mile. 

RULE IV. 

RECORDS. 

No record shall be accepted unless timed by at least 
three official timekeepers, or measured by at least three 
field judges. 

The Record Committee shall investigate every perform- 
ance to which their attention is called, and shall be em- 
powered, in their discretion, to reject any record which 




FRANK GOTCH. 
Champion Wrestler of the World. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 13 

shall not be supported by the affidavits of at least six wit- 
nesses, including the officials, certifying as to the place, 
time of day, state of weather, condition of path or field, 
force and direction of wind, level or grade of grounds, 
weight, measurement and material of implement, and cor- 
rectness of announced time or distance. 

No record shall be accepted unless made in open com- 
petition. 

RULE V. 

ELIGIBILITY TO LIMITED EVENTS. 

The eligibility to compete in events that are limited to 
men who have never accomplished a certain time, distance 
or height in a given event, shall be determined by the com- 
petitor's record when the entries for such event closed. 

In all competition in which men classify by weight, con- 
testants must weigh in for both trials and finals, within 
three hours of the beginning of each competition. 

RULE VI. 

DEFINITION OF A NOVICE. 

An athlete shall be held to be a novice in each of the 
classes specified in Article IX. of the Constitution until he 
shall have won a prize in a competition in that class, open 
to the members of two or more clubs. 

The winning of such a prize shall prevent his future 
competition as a novice in that class, although his entry 
may have been made before he lost his standing as a 
novice. 

RULE VII. 

ENTRIES. 

All entries for competition held under Amateur Athletic 
Union Rules must be made on the entry forms adopted by 
the Amateur Athletic Union. 

An athlete who fails to compete after entering an event 
in a bona fide way, and according to the rules, shall be re- 
quired to furnish a satisfactory excuse for so doing or 
render himself liable to censure or suspension by the local 
registration committee. 

RULE VIII. 

PROFESSIONAL CONTESTS FORBIDDEN. 

No professional contest or exhibition shall be allowed" at 
my games, meetings or entertainments held under the 



14 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

auspices of the Amateur Athletic Union, except that regu- 
larly employed instructors may take part with their pupils 
in entertainments, provided that such instructors shall not 
participate in any competition. This rule shall not apply 
to bicycling events given under the sanction of the Na- 
tional Cycling Association. 

RULE IX. 

REPORT OF GAMES. 

The Official Scorers and Measurers at all games given 
under the rules of the Amateur Athletic Union shall be 
required to deliver to the Official Handicapper and to the 
Chairman of the Registration Committee of the Association 
in whose territory the games are held, within twenty-four 
hours after the close of the games, the official scores of 
all contests at such meeting. The clerk of the course at 
such meeting shall also be required to deliver in the same 
manner a complete list of all starters in each event. Any 
club that shall fail to file the necessary report of games 
shall be refused further sanctions until such report be 
filed. 

RULE X. 

athletes' attire. 

It shall be the duty of the clerk of the course to see 
that each and every contestant is properly attired ; and 
under no circumstances shall athletes be allowed to dress 
or undress in the inner circle. 

RULE XI. 

No Association of the Amateur Athletic Union shall be 
allowed to recognize any league or association of athletic 
clubs within its jurisdiction. 

RULE XII. 

Open sports are those in which the events are open to 
members of more than one club, school, college or other 
organization. 

RULE XIII. 

All games, meetings, benefits or entertainments of any 
kind where athletes compete or exhibit must be sanctioned, 
except where the games, meetings, benefits or entertain- 
ments are held by a club member of the A. A. U. or of its 
allied bodies, and the entries are confined to members of 
the club giving such games, meetings, benefits or enter- 
tainments. 



ATHLETIC RULES 

OF THE 

AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION. 



RULE I. 

OFFICIALS. 

Section i. All amateur meetings shall be under the di- 
rection of 

A Games Committee, 

One Referee, 

Two or more Inspectors, 

Three Judges at Finish, 

Three or more Field Judges, 

Three or more Timekeepers, 

One Judge of Walking, 

One Starter, 

One Clerk of the Course, 

One Scorer, 

One Marshal. 
Sec 2. If deemed necessary, assistants may be provided 
for the Judge of Walking, the Clerk of the Course, the 
Scorer, and the Marshal, and an Official Announcer may 
be appointed. 

RULE II. 

THE GAMES COMMITTEE 

in all national championship meetings shall be appointed 
by the Championship Committee. 

The Games Committee at any club meeting shall be com- 
posed of members of the club holding the meeting. 

This Committee shall have jurisdiction of all matters 
not assigned by these rules to the Referee or other games 
officials. (See also Rule XV.) 

RULE III. 

THE REFEREE 

shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of 
the meeting, whose final settlement is not otherwise covered 
by these rules. 



l6 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 

He alone shall have the power to change the order of 
events as laid down in the official programme, and to add 
to or to alter the announced arrangement of heats in any 
event. A referee has no authority, after heats have been 
duly drawn and published in a programme, to transfer a 
contestant from one heat to another. 

When in any but the final heat of a race, a claim of foul 
or interference is made, he shall have the power to dis- 
qualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers 
the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and 
shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor 
to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been 
placed in his trial. 

When, in a final heat, a claim of foul or interference is 
made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor 
who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or 
due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the 
power to order a new race between such of the competitors 
as he thinks entitled to such a privilege. 

If, during any athletic contest under the rules of the 
Amateur Athletic Union, a competitor shall conduct him- 
self in a manner unbecoming a gentleman, or offensive to 
the officials, spectators or competitors, the referee shall 
have the power to disqualify him from further competition 
at the meeting ; and if he thinks the offense worthy of addi- 
tional punishment, shall promptly make a detailed state- 
ment of the facts to the Registration Committee in whose 
territory the offense was committed. 

RULE IV. 

THE INSPECTORS. 

It shall be the duty of an Inspector to stand at such point 
as the Referee may designate ; to watch the competition 
closely, and in case of a claim of foul to report to the 
Referee what he saw of the incident. 

Such Inspectors are merely assistants to the Referee, to 
whom they shall report, and have no power to make any 
decisions. 

RULE V. 

THE JUDGES AT FINISH 

shall determine the order of finishing of contestants and 
shall arrange among themselves as to noting the winner, 
second, third, fourth, etc., as the case may require. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. *7 

Their decision in this respect shall be without appeal, 
and in case of disagreement a majority shall govern. 

RULE VI. 

THE FIELD JUDGES 

shall make an accurate measurement, and keep a tally of all 
competitors in the high and broad jumps, the pole vault, 
the weight competitions and the tug of war. 

They shall act as judges of these events, and their de- 
cisions, as to facts, shall likewise be without appeal. In 
case of disagreement a majority shall govern. 

RULE VII. 

THE TIMEKEEPERS 

shall be three in number. They shall individually time all 
events where time record is required, and determine among 
themselves and announce the official time of each heat or 
race. 

Should two of the three watches mark the same time and 
the third disagree, the time marked by the two watches 
shall b2 accepted. Should all three disagree, the time 
marked by the intermediate watch shall be accepted. 

The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of 
starting. 

If, for any reason, only two watches record the time of 
an event and they fail to agree, the longest time of the two 
shall be accepted. 

Note. — For record, however, three watches must be held 
on an event. See Rule IV., General Rules of the Amateur 
Athletic Union. 

RULE VIII. 

THE STARTER 

shall have sole jurisdiction over the competitors after the 
Clerk of the Course has properly placed them in their posi- 
tions for the start. 

The method of starting shall be by pistol report, except 
that in time handicap races the word "go" shall be used. 

An actual start shall not be effected until the pistol has 
been purposely discharged after the competitors have been 
warned to get ready. In case the pistol was not purposely 
discharged the competitors shall be called back by the 
starter by pistol fire. (Note. — The starter must have at 
least two good cartridges in his pistol before starting a 
heat.) 




AD WOLGAST. 
Clever Lightweight Boxer. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



19 



When any part of the person of a competitor shall touch 
the ground in front of his mark before the starting signal 
is given, it shall be considered a false start. 

Penalties for. false starting shall be inflicted by the 
Starter, as follows : 

In all races up to and including 125 yards the competitor 
shall be put back one yard for the first and another yard 
for the second attempt ; in races over 125 yards and includ- 
ing 300 yards, two yards for the first and two more for the 
second attempt; in races over 300 yards and including 600 
yards, three yards for the first and three more for the 
second attempt; in races over 600 yards and including 1,000 
yards, four yards for the first and four more for the 
second attempt; in races over 1,000 yards and including 
one mile, five yards for the first and five more for the 
second attempt; in all races over one mile, ten yards for 
the first and ten more for the second attempt. In all cases 
the third false start shall disqualify the offender from that 
event. 

The starter shall also rule out of that event any com- 
petitor who attempts to advance himself from his mark, as 
prescribed in the official programme after the starter has 
given the warning to "get ready." 

RULE IX. 

THE CLERK OF THE COURSE 

shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all 
entered competitors, and he shall notify them to appear at 
the starting line before the start in each event in which 
they are entered. 

In case of handicap events from marks, he shall place 
each competitor behind his proper mark ; shall immediately 
notify the Starter should any competitor attempt to ad- 
vance himself after the Starter has warned them to "get 
ready;" and in time allowance handicaps shall furnish the 
Starter with the number and time allowance of each actual 
competitor. He shall control his assistants, and assign to 
them such duties as he may deem proper. 

RULE X. 

THE JUDGE OF WALKING 

shall have sole power to determine the fairness or unfair- 
ness of walking, and his rulings thereon shall be final and 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



without appeal. He shall caution any competitor whenever 
walking unfairly, the third caution to disqualify, except 
that he shall immediately disqualify any competitor when 
walking unfairly during the last 220 yards of a race. He 
shall control his assistants, and assign to them such of his 
duties as he may deem proper. 

RULE XL 

THE SCORER 

shall record the order in which each competitor finishes his 
event, together with the time furnished him by the Time- 
keepers. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each 
competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall 
announce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the lead- 
ing man enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, 
and assign to them such of his duties as he may deem 
proper. 

RULE XII. 

THE MARSHAL 

shall have full police charge of the enclosure, and shall 
prevent any but officials and actual competitors from enter- 
ing or remaining therein. He shall control his assistants, 
and assign to them their duties. 

RULE XIII. 

THE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCER 

shall receive from the Scorer and Field Judges the result 
of each event, and announce the same by voice, or by means 
of a bulletin board. 

RULE XIV. 

Trainers and handlers shall not be allowed within the 
centre field or inner circle, or on the track immediately 
prior to or during competitions- at championship meetings, 
except in distance races exceeding one mile ; this does not 
include the A. A. U. all round championship. 

RULE XV. 

COMPETITORS 

shall report to the Clerk of the Course immediately upon 
their arrival at the place of meeting, and shall be provided 
by that official with their proner numbers, which must be 
worn conspicuously by the competitors when competing, 
and without which they shall not be allowed to start. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 21 

Each competitor shall inform himself of the time of start- 
ing, and shall be promptly at the starting point of each 
competition in which he is entered, and there report to the 
Clerk of the Course. 

Under no condition shall any attendants be allowed to 
accompany competitors at the start or during any competi- 
tion, except in match races, where special agreement may 
be made. 

RULE XVI. 

PROTESTS 

against any entered competitor may be made verbally or in 
writing to the Games Committee or any member thereof 
before the meeting, or to the Referee during the meeting. 
If possible, the Committee or Referee shall decide such pro- 
tests at once. If the nature of the protest or the necessity 
of obtaining testimony prevents an immediate decision, the 
competitor shall be allowed to compete under protest, and 
the protest shall be decided by the Games Committee within 
one week, unless its subject be the amateur standing of the 
competitor, in which case the Games Committee must re- 
port such protest within forty-eight hours to the member 
of the Registration Committee in whose territory the games 
are being held. 

RULE XVII. 

TRACK MEASUREMENT. 

All distances run or walked shall be measured upon a 
line eighteen inches outward from the inner edge of the 
track, except that in races on straightaway tracks the dis- 
tance shall be measured in a direct line from the starting 
mark to the finishing line. 

RULE XVIII. 

THE COURSE. 

Each competitor shall keep in his respective position 
from start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and 
in all races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not 
cross to the innner edge of the track, except when he is at 
least six feet in advance of his nearest competitor. After 
turning the last corner into the straight in any race, each 
competitor must keep a straight course to the finish line, 
and not cross, either to the outside or the inside, in front 
of any of his opponents. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



In all championship races of the Amateur Athletic Union, 
or any of its Associations, at any distance under and in- 
cluding 300 yards, each competitor shall have a separate 
course, properly roped, staked and measured, whether the 
race be run on a straight path or around one or more 
curves. 

The Referee shall disqualify from that event any compe- 
titor who wilfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the 
course of, or in any way interferes with another com- 
petitor. 

The Referee shall disqualify from further participation in 
the games any contestant competing to lose, to coach, or to 
in any way impede the chances of another competitor either 
in a trial or final contest. 

RULE XIX. 

THE FINISH. 

The finish of the course shall be represented by a line 
between two finishing posts, drawn across and at right 
angles to the sides of the track, and four feet above which 
line shall be placed a tape attached at either end to the 
finishing posts. A finish shall be counted when any part 
of the winner's body, except his hands or arms, shall reach 
the finish line. The order of finishing for second and third 
places, and so on, shall be decided in the same manner. 

RULE XX. 

HURDLES. 

Different heights, distances and number of hurdles may 
be selected for hurdle races. 

In the 120 yards hurdle race, ten hurdles shall be used; 
each hurdle to be three feet six inches high. They shall 
be placed ten yards apart, with the first hurdle fifteen yards 
distant from the starting point, and the last hurdle fifteen 
yards before the finishing line. In the 220 yards hurdle 
race ten hurdles shall be used, each hurdle to be two feet 
six inches high. They shall be placed twenty yards apart, 
with the first hurdle twenty yards distant from the start- 
ing mark, and the last hurdle twenty yards before the fin- 
ishing line. 

In hurdle races of other distances, and with different 
numbers of hurdles, the hurdles shall be placed at equal 
intervals, with the same space between the first hurdle and 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 23 

the starting point, and the last hurdle and the finishing line 
as between each of the hurdles. 

In making a record it shall be necessary for the compe- 
titor to jump over every hurdle in its proper position. 

In all championship hurdle races of the Amateur Athletic 
Union, or any of its Associations, up to and including 300 
yards, each competitor shall have separate hurdles and a 
separate course marked out and measured independently, 
whether races are run straightaway or with turns. 

RULE XXI. 

TIES. 

In all contests whose results are determined by measure- 
ment of height or distance, ties shall be decided as follows : 

In handicap contests the award shall be given to the com- 
petitor who received the least allowance. In case of a tie 
between two or more competitors who received the same 
allowance, the decision shall be made as in scratch con- 
tests. 

In case of a tie in a scratch contest at high jumping, the 
tieing competitors shall have three additional trials at the 
height last tried, and if still undecided, the bar shall be 
lowered to the height next below, and three trials taken at 
that height. If no one clears it, the bar shall be lowered 
again and again until one of the competitors clears it. In 
case of a second tie, the award shall be given to the com- 
petitor who cleared the bar with the least number of trials. 

In case of a tie in the pole vault the officials shall raise 
or lower the bar at their discretion, and those competitors 
who have tied shall be allowed one trial at each height. 

In handicaps, where a tie occurs, the scratch man or man 
with the smallest allowance shall be given the place. 

In case of a tie in a scratch contest at any game decided 
by distance, each of the tieing comoetitors shall have three 
additional trials, and the award shall be made in accordance 
with the distances cleared in these additional trials. In 
case of a second tie three more trials shall be allowed, and 
so on, until a decision is reached. In case of a dead heat 
in any track events, the competitors shall not be allowed to 
divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must 
compete again at a time and place appointed by the referee. 




RUBE MARQUARD. 
CraeK Pitcher of tne Giants. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 25 

ORDER OF COMPETITION IN FIELD EVENTS. 

In all scratch events the competitors shall take their 
trials in the order of their names as printed in the pro- 
gramme. 

In all handicap events the competitor having the greatest 
allowance shall make the first trial, and so on, in regular 
order, up to the competitor at scratch or with least allow- 
ance, who shall have the last trial. 

RULE XXII. 

JUMPING. 

Section i. A fair jump shall be one that is made with- 
out the assistance of weights, diving, somersaults or hand- 
springs of any kind. 

THE RUNNING HIGH JUMP. 

Sec. 2. The Field Judges shall decide the height at 
which the jump shall commence, and shall regulate the suc- 
ceeding elevations. 

Each competitor shall be allowed three trial jumps at 
each height, and if on the third trial he shall fail, he shall 
be declared out of the competition. 

At each successive height each competitor shall take one 
trial in his proper turn ; then those failing, if any, shall 
have their second trial jump in a like order, after which 
those having failed twice shall make their third trial jump. 

The jump shall be made over a bar resting on pins pro- 
jecting not more than three inches from the uprights, and 
when this bar is removed from its place it shall be counted 
as a trial jump. 

Running under the bar in making an attempt to jump 
shall be counted as a "balk," and three successive "balks" 
shall be counted as a trial jump. 

The distance of the run before the jump shall be un- 
limited. 



At the annual meeting of the A. A. U., held Nov. 19, 1902, in New 
York City, the following was offered for guidance in the pole vault and 
high jump events: 

k That the rules of competition require the field judges to make 
accurate measurements. The Committee have discussed the question 
of giving the right to move the apparatus in the high jump and in the 
pole vault, and we would like to call the attention of all those who are 
interested in athletics to the fact that if the apparatus is moved, the 
field judges should make a re measurement, because if there is any 
inequality in the ground at all. changing the apparatus may make a 
difference varying from an inch to a quarter of an inch, and the com- 
petitor should not be allowed to have the apparatus moved and there- 
by get an advantage in that way." 



^6 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

A competitor may decline to jump at any height in his 
turn, and by so doing, forfeits his right to again jump at 
the height declined. 

THE STANDING HIGH JUMP. 

Sec. 3. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any 
position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an 
attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground 
twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it 
shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor 
may rock forward and back, lifting heels and toes alter- 
nately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear 
from the ground or slide it along the ground in any 
direction. 

With this exception the rules governing the Running 
High Jump shall also govern the Standing High Jump. 

THE RUNNING BROAD JUMP. 

Sec. 4. When jumped on earth a joist five inches wide 
shall be sunk flush with it. The outer edge of this joist 
shall be called the scratch line, and the measurement of all 
jumps shall be made from it at right angles to the nearest 
break in the ground made by any part of the person of the 
competitor. 

In front of the scratch line the ground shall be removed 
to the depth of three and the width of twelve inches out- 
ward. 

A foul jump shall be one where the competitor in jump- 
ing off the scratch line makes a mark on the ground im- 
mediately in front of it, or runs over the line without jump- 
ing, and shall count as a trial jump without result. 

Each competitor shall have three trial jumps, and the 
best three shall each have three more trial jumps. 

The competition shall be decided by the best of all the 
trial jumps of the competitors. 

The distance of the run before the scratch line shall be 
unlimited. 

THE POLE VAULT. 

Sec. 5. The height of the bar at starting and at each 
successive elevation shall be determined by the officials. 

Three tries allowed at each height. Each competitor 
shall make an attempt in the order in which his name ap- 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 2 7 

pears on the programme, then those who have failed shall 
have a second trial in regular order, and those failing on 
this trial shall take their final trial. 

Displacing the bar counts as a try. 

A line shall be drawn fifteen feet in front of the bar and 
parallel with it; crossing this line in an attempt shall be a 
balk. Two balks constitute a try. 

Leaving the ground in an attempt shall constitute a try. 

A competitor may omit his trials at any height, but if he 
fail at the next height he shall not be allowed to go back 
and try the height he omitted. 

The poles shall have no assisting devices, except that 
they may be wound or wrapped with any substance for the 
purpose of affording a firmer grasp, and may have one 
spike at the lower end. No competitor shall, during his 
vault, raise the hand which was uppermost when he left the 
ground to a higher point on the pole, nor shall he raise the 
hand which was undermost when he left the ground to any 
point on the pole above the other hand. 

Poles shall be furnished by the club giving the games, 
but contestants may use their private poles if they so desire, 
and no contestant shall be allowed to use any of these 
private poles exceot by the consent of their owners. The 
poles shall be unlimited as to size and weight. 

Any competitor shall be allowed to dig a hole not more 
than one foot in diameter at the take-off in which to plant 
his pole. 

In case of a tie the officials shall raise or lower the bar 
at their discretion, and those competitors who have tied 
shall be allowed one trial at each height. 

In handicaps where a tie occurs, the scratch man or man 
with the smallest allowance shall be given the place. 

The rule governing the Running Broad Jump shall also 
govern the Pole Vault for distance, except that when the 
man leave the ground in an attempt it shall be counted a 
crial. 

THE STANDING BROAD JUMP. 

Sec. 6. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any 
position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an 
attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground 
twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it 
shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor 
may rock forward and back, lifting heels and toes alter- 
nately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear 



28 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 



of the ground, or slide it along the ground in any direction. 

In all other respects the rule governing the Running 

Broad Jump shall also govern the Standing Broad Jump. 

THE THREE STANDING BROAD JUMPS. 

Sec. 7. The feet of the competitor shall leave the ground 
only once in making an attempt for each of the three jumps, 
and no stoppage between jumps shall be allowed. In all 
other respects the rules governing the Standing Broad 
Jump shall also govern the Three Standing Broad Jumps. 

RUNNING H0P_, STEP AND JUMP. 

Sec. 8. The competitor shall first land upon the same 
foot with which he shall have taken off. The reverse foot 
shall be used for the second landing, and both feet shall be 
used for the third landing. 

In all other respects the rules governing the Running 
Broad Jump shall also govern the Running Hop, Step 
and Jump. 

RULE XXIII. 

the shot. 

The shot shall be a metal sphere with a covering of any 
material, and the combined weight for championship con- 
tests shall be 16 pounds. It is optional with the Games 
Committee of handicap meetings to offer competitions of 
shots weighing from 12 pounds upwards. 

The shot shall be "put" with one hand, and in making 
the attempt it shall be above and not behind the shoulder. 

All puts shall be made from a circle seven feet in diame- 
ter. The circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted or 
whitewashed, and sunk almost flush with the ground, and 
it shall be divided into two halves by a line drawn through 
the centre. In the middle of the circumference of the front 
half shall be placed a stop-board four feet long, four inches 
high, and firmly fastened to the ground. In making his 
puts, the feet of the competitor may rest against, but not 
on top of this board. 

A fair put shall be one in which no part of the person of 
the competitor touches the top of the stop-board, the circle, 
or the ground outside the circle, and the competitor leaves 
the circle by its rear half, which shall be the half directly 
opposite the stop-board. A put shall be foul if any part 
of the person of the competitor touch the ground outside 
the front half of the circle before the put is measured. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 29 

The measurement of each put shall be from the nearest 
mark made by the fall of the shot to the circumference of 
the circle on a line from the mark made by the shot to the 
centre of the circle. 

Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt 
shall be counted as trial puts without result. 

A board similar to the one in front may be used at the 
back of the circle. 

The order of competing and number of trials shall be the 
same as for the running broad jump. Shots shall be fur- 
nished by the Games Committee. Any contestant may use 
his private shot, if correct in weight and shape ; in which 
case the other contestants must also be allowed to use it 
if they wish. 

RULE XXIV. 

THROWING THE 56-LB. WEIGHT. 

Section i. The weight shall be a metal sphere, with 
handle of any shane and material. Their combined weight 
shall be at least fifty-six pounds, and their combined height 
shall not be more than sixteen inches. 

All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet in 
diameter. 

The circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted or 
whitewashed, and sunk almost flush with the ground. 

In making his throws the competitor may assume any 
position he chooses, and use one or both hands. 

Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall 
count as trial throws without result. 

Weights shall be furnished by the Games Committee. 
Any contestant may use his private weight, if correct in 
weight and shape ; in which case the other contestants must 
also be allowed to use it if they wish. 

in throwing for distance. 

Sec. 2. A fair throw shall be one where no part of the 
person of the competitor touches the circle, the ground out- 
side the circle, and the competitor leaves the circle by its 
rear half, which shall be that part of the circle directly 
opposite the half occupied by the competitor at the moment 
of delivery, and shall be designated by an imaginary line 
drawn through the centre of the circle at right angles to 
the direction of the throw. 




BOMBARDIER WELLS. 
England's Champion Heavyweight Boxer. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULFS, 3l 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the nearest 
mark made by the fall of any part of the weight or handle 
to the inside edge of the circumference of the circle on a 
line from the mark to the centre of the circle. 

The number of trials and method of decision shall be the 
same as in the running broad jump. 

IN THROWING FOR HEIGHT. 

Sec. 3. A barrel head three feet in diameter shall be 
suspended horizontally in the air. 

The field judges shall determine the height at which the 
barrel head shall be fixed at the beginning of the competi- 
tion, and at each successiye eleyation. 

A fair throw shall be one where no part of the person of 
the competitor shall touch the circle or the ground outside 
of the circle before the weight touches the barrel head, 
and where any part of the weight or handle touches any 
part of the barrel head. 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the 
ground perpendicularly up to the lowest part of the barrel 
head. 

The method of competition shall be the same as in the 
running high jump. 

RULE XXV. 

THROWING THE HAMMER. 

The head and handle may be of any size, shape and ma- 
terial, provided that the length of the complete implement 
shall not be more than four feet and its weight not less than 
sixteen pounds. 

The competitor may assume any position he chooses, and 
use either one or both hands. 

All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet in 
diameter, the circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted 
or whitewashed and sunk almost flush with the ground. 

A fair throw shall be where no part of the person of the 
competitor touches the circle or the ground outside the 
circle, and the competitor leaves the circle by its rear half, 
which shall be that directly opposite the half occupied by 
the competitor at the moment of delivery, and shall be 
designated by an imaginary line drawn through the centre 
of the circle at right angles to the direction of the throw. 

Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt 
shall count as trial throws. 



3 2 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the nearest 
mark made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the 
inside circumference of the circle, on a line from the mark 
to the centre of the circle. 

The number of trials and methods of decision shall be 
the same as in the running broad jump. 

Hammers shall be furnished by the Games Committee. 
Any contestant may use his private hammer, if correct in 
weight and length; in which case the other contestants 
must also be allowed to use it if they wish. 

RULE XXVI. 

THROWING THE DISCUS. 

The discus shall be of smooth, hard wood body without 
finger holes, weighted in centre with lead discs and capped 
with polished brass discs, with steel ring on the outside. 
The weight of the discus shall be four and one-half (4^) 
pounds ; outside diameter, eight (8) inches ; thickness in 
centre, two (2) inches. 

The circle for throwing the discus shall be similar in all 
respects to that of throwing the 56-pound weight and 16- 
pound hammer. 

In making his throws the competitor may assume any 
position he pleases, and the rules governing a "fair throw" 
to be the same as the hammer and 56-pound weight. 

A discus shall be furnished by the Games Committee. 
Any competitor may use his private discus, if correct in 
weight and shape, in which case the other contestants shall 
be allowed to use it if they wish. 

The measurement of each throw shall be made from the 
nearest mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside 
circumference of the circle on a line from the mark made 
bv the discus to the centre of the circle. 

RULE XXVIT 

TUGS-OF-WAR. 

Tugs-of-War shall be pulled on cleats made of wood, 
same to be at least four inches thick, six inches high and 
twenty-two inches long, and at least six feet six inches 
apart. The distance from the clamp in the centre to the 
first cleat on either side shall be not less than six feet. 

The cleats shall be set on edge and bolted to the board. 

The rope shall be a manilla, three-stranded rope, not less 
than four-and-a-half nor more than five inches in circum- 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 33 



ference. There shall be a clamp equidistant from the first 
cleat on either side, which shall be sufficient to hold the 
rope in position until released. 

The clamp shall not make an appreciable kink in the rope. 
Any position may be assumed before the pistol is fired. No 
mechanical device shall be used for holding the rope. No 
belt other than one to protect the body shall be used. The 
flanges to hold the rope in place shall not be constructed 
so as to bind on the rope in any position that the anchor 
may assume. Leather shields and gloves may be used, and 
adhesive substances may be put on the same. The belt 
shall not weigh more than twenty pounds. Competitors 
shall not use weights in unlimited pulls, but in pulls lim- 
ited to specified weights, competitors may use weights, pro- 
viding the total weight of the team, including weights, does 
not exceed the limit. 

The standard time limit for each pull shall be five min- 
utes, and a rest of not less than ten minutes shall be 
allowed each competitor between trial pulls. A shorter or 
longer time limit may be agreed upon for other than cham- 
pionship contests. 

When tugs-of-war are limited to teams of a given weight, 
competitors shall be weighed before competing. They 
shall be weighed as they pull ; i. e., including clothing, 
shoes, belt, etc. 

The weighing-in shall be done immediately before the 
pull. 

No knot of any kind shall be tied in the rope, and the 
rope shall not be passed more than once around the body 
of the anchor. 

In no case shall any man pull on more than one team 
in a contest, and no substitute shall be allowed to pull on 
any team that has pulled a trial. 

In case a team gains three feet from its opponents, it 
shall be awarded the pull. 

Immediately before the competition the captains of the 
opposing teams shall draw their numbers and compete as 
follows : To have a preliminary round of as many contests 
as the total number of teams exceeds 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32, and 
drop the losers. This leaves in 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 teams, and 
the competition then proceeds regularly with no byes or 
uneven contests. 

No pull shall be awarded by less than half an inch. 



34 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

All competitors who have been beaten by the winner 
shall be entitled to compete for second place, and all who 
have been beaten by the winners of either first or second 
place shall be entitled to compete for third place. 

The individual tug-of-war shall also be governed by the 
team rules, and the contestants must pull from the first 
cleat from the clamp. 

RULE XXVIII. 

SWIMMING. 

Section i. Officials shall consist of one Referee, three 
Judges at the Finish, three Timekeepers, one Starter, one 
Clerk of the Course with assistants, if necessary. 

Sec. 2. Duties and powers of these officials shall be the 
same as is prescribed for them in the foregoing Rules. 

Sec. 3. In the 100 yards Swimming Race each com- 
petitor shall stand with one or both feet on the starting 
line, and when the signal is given, shall plunge. Stepping 
back, either before or after the signal, will not be allowed. 

Sec. 4. The start for longer races shall be the same as 
the 100 yards, except that competitors may start in the 
water (tread-water start) from an imaginary line. 

Sec. 5. Each competitor shall keep a straight course, 
parallel with the courses of the other competitors, from the 
starting station to the opposite point in the finish line. Com- 
petitors will be started ten feet apart, and each one is 
entitled to a straight lane of water, ten feet wide, from 
start to finish. Any contestant who, when out of his own 
water, shall touch another competitor, is liable to disquali- 
fication from that event, subject to the discretion of the 
Referee. 

Sec. 6. Each competitor shall have finished the race 
when any part of his person reaches the finish line. 

Sec. 7. In all handicap competitions a check starter shall 
be appointed, whose duty it shall be to see that no contest- 
ant starts before his proper time. He shall report any vio- 
lation of this rule to the referee, who shall disqualify such 
competitor, should his finish affect the result of the race. 

RULE XXIX. 

All organizations who have received sanction for any 
contest where prizes are offered on entry blanks, shall be 
required to send to the local registration committee, before 
the date of the games, a copy of their entry blank, and 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 35 

must state the value of the prizes to be given for each 
event. 

After November 19th, 1900, no sanction will be given to 
any organization which shall fail to give prizes as stated 
on their entry blanks, and from the same date, with every 
sanction granted, shall be sent a copy of Section 6, Article 
XL, of the Constitution and this rule. 




; mm 







...,..,■. . . ..... 



PAT M'DONALD. 

Olympic Champion Weight Putter. 



BOWLINO. 



TEN PINS. 

The game to be played shall be the American Ten Frame 
Game. 

Rule i. — In all games to be played a line shall be drawn 
sixty feet from the head or front pin. 

Rule 2. — No balls shall be used exceeding twenty-seven 
inches in circumference, and the dead wood must be 
removed from the alley after each ball. Should a pin fall 
in removing the dead wood, it must be respotted. 

Rule 3. — A regulation pin must be used in match play- 
ing. Each pin, except the king pin, to be not over fifteen 
inches in circumference at the thickest part, and from fif- 
teen to sixteen inches in length. 

Rule 4. — No lofting or throwing of balls upon the alley 
will be allowed ; the balls must be rolled. Such balls will 
be considered foul at the discretion of the umpire. 

Rule 5. — In playing, two alleys shall be used ; two play- 
ers to play at a time, and to change alleys every frame. 
The game shall consist of ten frames on each side. All 
strikes and spares made in the ten frames shall be com- 
pleted before leaving the alley, and on the same alley as 
made. Should there be a tie at any single game, play shall 
continue until a majority of points uoon an equal number 
of frames shall be attained, which shall conclude the game. 

Rule 6.— Five men shall constitute a full team, and may 
be either active or honorary members, in good standing in 
the club they represent, thirty days prior to the beginning 
of such tournament. 

Rule 7. — In all cases of disputes and differences, the de- 
cision of the umpire shall be final. He shall, after each 
game, and before leaving the alley, declare the winning 
club. 



38 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 

Rule 8. — A player must not step on or over the line in 
delivering his ball nor after it has been delivered, nor allow 
any part of his body to touch on or beyond the line. Any 
ball so delivered shall be deemed foul, and the pins made 
on such balls, if any, shall be respotted. Should any ball 
delivered leave the alley before reaching the pins, or any 
ball rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, made 
on such balls, shall not count, but must be respotted. All 
such balls to count as balls rolled. 

Rule 9. — Any club that shall be detected in tampering 
with the person setting up the pins, or by any unfair means 
seeking to win a victory, shall, on proof of the same, for- 
feit their rights in all games played by them. 

Rule 10. — Each person or club shall play one game with 
every other person or club in the tournament. The club 
winning the greatest number of games shall be entitled to 
the match. 

Rule 11. — Should there be a tie between two or more 
contestants, such tie or ties shall be played off according 
to these rules on such alley and at such date as may be 
agreed upon. 

NINE PINS. — HEAD PIN OUT. 

Rule 1. — The pins are placed on all spots, except head 
spot. 

Rule 2. — The player is entitled to three balls of any style 
in each inning, if requisite. 

Rule 3. — One pin of the nine must be left standing — no 
more or no less, or the inning goes for naught. 

Rule 4. — There are no penalties attached, nor is the dead 
wood removed. 

Rule 5. — Ten innings constitute a game. 

Rule 6. — Ten points are the maximum. 

COCKED HAT. 

" This game is played with only the head and two lower 
corner pins set up on the alley. 

Any style of ball within the regulation size (27 inches 
in circumference) can be bowled, but the smallest balls, or 
what are termed "Pony'' balls, are generally used. They 
must be rolled, not thrown. 

The rules of American Ten Pins govern the game, strikes 
and spares counting in the same ratio as if the ten pins 
were set up. If a bowler bowls down the three pins with 
Us first ball, it is a strike, and is marked on the board in 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 39 

the same manner as in the parent game. Whatever the 
bowler scores with his next two balls is placed to his 
credit on the inning the strike was made in ; for instance, 
if the bowler bowls down two pins with his next two balls, 
2 is added to the 3 made by the strike, making 5 in all. 
Spares also possess the same value as in the parent game ; 
in fact, the game is played precisely like American Ten 
Pins, excepting poodles, or balls rolled down the gutter, go 
for naught, and the dead wood is allowed to remain. The 
maximum is 90. 



HEAD PIN BOWLING. 



(GOVERNING THE CONTEST FOR THE POLICE GAZETTE 
$500.00 BOWLING TROPHY.) 

Each man allowed six balls and also to have three trials. 

Ten pins to be set up. 

The ball must hit the head pin to score. 

Each pin down counts one point. 

Possible number of points, 60. 




BILLIARDS 



THREE-BALL CAROMS. 

The Three-ball Carom Game is played with three balls, 
two white and one red. The billiard table has three spots 
in a line, dividing the table lengthwise, running from the 
centre of the head cushion to the centre of the foot cushion. 
One of those spots, cutting the line in two equal parts, is 
called the centre spot, and the other two are situated half- 
way between the centre spot and the head and foot cushions. 

The spot at the head of the table is called the white 
spot, and the one at the foot of the table red spot. The 
centre spot is only used when a ball forced off the table 
finds both red and white spots occupied. Therefore, should 
the white ball when forced off the table have its spot oc- 
cupied, it would be placed on the red spot, or on the white 
spot if it be the red ball that is forced off the table. 

In beginning the game, the red ball and one white are 
placed on the respective spots ; the other white remains in 
hand, and is placed near the white spot previous to the 
opening stroke of the game. 

The player can take any position within six inches of the 
white spot on a line parallel, or nearly parallel, with the 
head cushion, but he must strike the red ball first before a 
count can be effected. 

In playing the game the following rules should be ob- 
served : 

I. — The game is begun by stringing for lead, the player 
who brings his ball nearest to the cushion at the head of 
the table winning the choice of balls, and the right to play 
first, as in the American game. Should the player fail to 
count, his opponent then makes the next play, aiming at 
will at either ball on the table. 

2. — A carom consists in hitting both object-balls with 
cue-ball in a fair and unobjectionable way. Each will count 
one for the player. A penalty of one shall also be counted 
against the player for every miss occurring during the 
game. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 4 1 

3. A ball forced off the table is put back on its proper 
spot. Should the player's ball jump off the table after 
counting, the count is good; the ball is spotted, and the 
player plays from the spot. 

4. — If, in playing a shot, the cue is not withdrawn from 
the cue-ball before the cue ball comes in contact with the 
object ball, the shot is foul, the player loses his count, and 
his hand is out. 

5. — If the balls are disturbed accidentally, through the 
medium of any agency other than the player himself, they 
must be replaced by the referee, and the player allowed to 
proceed. 

6. — If, in the act of playing, the player disturbs any ball 
other than his own, he cannot make a counting stroke, but 
he may play for safety. Should he disturb a ball after 
having played successfully, he loses his count on that shot, 
his hand is out, and the ball so disturbed is by the referee 
placed back as nearly as possible in the position which it 
formerly occupied on the table, the other balls remaining 
where they stop. 

7. — Should a pla>er touch his own ball with the cue, or 
otherwise, previous to playing, it is foul, and counts one for 
his opponent, and the player cannot play for safety. It 
sometimes happens that the player, after having touched 
his ball, gives a second stroke ; then the balls remain where 
they stop, or are by the referee replaced as nearly as pos- 
sible in their former positions, at the option of the opponent. 

8. — When the cue-ball is very near another, the player 
shall not play without warning his adversary that they do 
not touch, and giving him sufficient time to satisfy himself 
on that point. 

9. — When the cue-ball is in contact with another, the balls 
are spotted, and the player plays with his ball in hand. 

10. — Playing with the wrong ball is foul. However, 
should the player using the wrong ball play more than one 
shot with it, he shall be entitled to his score just the same 
as if he had played with his own ball. As soon as his 
hand is out, the white balls must change places, and the 
game proceed as usual. 

n. — In all the games for the championship trophy the 
crotch is barred. The object balls shall be considered 
crotched whenever the centres of both lie within a 4^ inch 
square at either corner of the table. When, the object balls 
are so within said square, three counts will only be allowed, 




JOE TURNER.; 
•'Police Gazette" Champion Middleweight Wrestler, 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 43 

except one of the object balls, or both, be forced out of it. 
In case of failure by the player his hand is out, and the 
next player goes on to play with the balls in position as 
left by last player. 

12. — In this game no player is allowed to withdraw 
before the game is out; by so doing he forfeits the game. 
The decision of the referee is final, but it might happen 
under extraordinary circumstances, that one of the players 
should believe his rights to have been violated by the 
referee; in such a case he must declare the subject of his 
grievance, and announce that he is playing the game out 
under protest. Then, should he lose the game, the subject 
of the grievance is left to the decision of experts mutually 
agreed upon. 

13. — All touches, *. e., the sleeve, hands, any part of the 
body, the point of the cue twice, shall be deemed a foul, 
and the striker to discontinue his play. It shall be the 
duty of the referee to carefully watch each stroke, and to 
decide no shots, fair or foul, except when appealed to. 

FOUR-BALL CAROMS. 

The Four-ball Carom Game is played with two red and 
two white balls. A carom counts i, whether effected upon 
a red and white ball or upon two red balls. 

The deep-red ball is spotted on the red ball spot at the 
foot of the table; the light red ball is spotted on the white 
ball or string spot; and the two white balls are in hand. 

The player winning the opening bank may either lead or 
require his opponent to do so. The player leading plays 
his cue ball beyond the deep red to any point at the foot 
of the table; and the next player on his opening stroke, 
playing from any point within the string, must first strike 
the white ball in order to effect a carom, but on any other 
stroke, except when the cue ball is in hand, may play on 
either ball first. 

Should he, on the leading stroke, fail to hit the white 
ball first, or fail to hit it at all, his opponent counts one 
point. 

A stroke made while a red ball is off the table, provided 
its spot is unoccupied, is foul. 

A touch of a cue ball is a shot. If, while the balls are 
at rest, a player touches or disturbs any ball on the table, 
it is foul. 



44 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

If, when the player's ball is in hand, he does not cause 
it to pass outside the string before touching any of the 
object balls or cushion, the stroke is foul, and his oppo- 
nent may choose whether he will play with the balls as 
they are, have them replaced in their original positions, or 
cause the stroke to be played over. 

In all other particulars the Four-ball Carom Game is 
governed by the rules of the Three-ball Carom Game. 

Playing directly at a ball that is considered in the 
"string," is not foul, provided the cue-ball pass wholly 
beyond the "string" line before coming in contact. 

CUSHION CAROMS. 

A cushion carom is, as the name implies, when the 
cushion is struck by the cue-ball at any time before effect- 
ing a carom, either by striking the cushion before an ob- 
ject-ball, or by taking a cushion after contact with the 
latter ball. 

A ball frozen to a cushion must be played at or away 
from that cushion to secure a carom. A doubt in the fair- 
ness of the stroke must be decided against the striker. A 
direct carom on balls, from a ball frozen to a cushion, is 
foul. 

The making of a direct carom first, and then, afterwards, 
a carom by cushion on either ball, must be counted a fair 
cushion-carom. 

A doubtful stroke, calling for a "close decision," must 
be given in favor of the doubt and against the striker, 
i. e., when it is difficult to say whether the cue-ball has 
struck a cushion before or after contact with the carom- 
ball. 

The rules of the Three-ball Carom Game govern cushion 
caroms except where they conflict with rules herein. 

FOUR-BALL POCKET GAME. 

The Four-ball Pocket Game is rarely played. The counts 
are as follows : 

Pocketing a red ball, 3 ; caroming on the red balls, 3 ; 
pocketing an opponent's ball, 2; caroming on red and white 
balls, 2. 

Subsequently all caroms were of equal value and counted 
1 each. 

The penalties and forfeitures were as follows: 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 45 

A miss, I ; pocketing the cue-ball after contact with a 
red ball, 3 ; pocketing the cue-ball after contact with a 
white ball, 2: pocketing the cue-ball without hitting any 
object ball, 3; jumping the cue-ball off the table after 
contact with a red ball, 3; jumping the cue-ball off the 
table after contact with a white ball, 2. 

The "push" shot is barred. 



BROAD SWORD. 



Rule T> — The sword shall be thirty- four inches long, have 
a flat blade three-quarters of an inch broad at hilt and 
half an inch at point, and be unattached to the hand or 
wrist. 

R u l e 2.— All cuts must be made with the edge of the 
blade upon any protected part of the body above the waist. 
No cuts with the flat of the blade allowed. 

Rule 3.— A cut must be followed by a pause if the cut 
has been successful. 

R u l e 4 —Where two cuts are delivered at the same time, 
the count belongs to the competitor who is extended; 
if both are extended neither counts. 

Rule 5. — A disarm counts one point ; if the sword is lost 
while making attack and hitting the opponent, the count 
is not lost. 

Rule 6.— Neither of the competitors must in any case 
allow his hands to come in violent contact with his oppo- 
nent's body. 

Rule 7.— The number of points shall not be less than 
five or more than ten, to be decided by the judges or 
referee. The competitor first making the full number of 
points shall win. 



BOXING. 



REVISED QUEENSBERRY RULES. 

Rule I. — The ring shall be roped, and 24 feet square. 

2. — Competitors to box in light boots or shoes (without 
spikes), or in socks, with knickerbockers, breeches or 
trousers, and wear jerseys. 

3. — The result shall be decided by two judges, with a 
referee, or by a referee only. 

4. — The number of rounds to be contested shall be three. 
The duration of the first two rounds shall be three min- 
utes, and of the final round four minutes, and the interval 
between each round shall be one minute. 

5. — Any competitor failing to come up when "Time" is 
called, shall lose the bout. 

6. — Where a competitor draws a bye, he shall be bound 
to spar such bye for the specified time, and with such op- 
ponent as the judges or referee may approve. 

7. — Each competitor shall be entitled to the assistance 
of one attendant only, and no advice or coaching shall be 
given to any competitor by his second, or by any other 
person during the progress of any round. 

8.— The referee shall have power to give his casting vote 
when the judges disagree, or to stop the contest in either 
the second or third round in the event of it being very 
one-sided; and he can further order a fourth round, lim- 
ited to two minutes, in the event of the judges disagreeing. 

9. — That the decision of the judges or referee, as the 
case may be, shall be final, and without appeal. 

10. — The referee may, after cautioning the offender, dis- 
qualify a competitor who is boxing unfairly by flicking or 
hitting with the open glove, by hitting with the inside or 
butt of the hand, the wrist or elbow, or by wrestling, or 
roughing at the ropes. 

11. — In the event of any questions arising not provided 
for in these rules, the referee to have full power to decide 
such question, and his decision to be final. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 47 

LONDON PRIZE-RING RULES. 

Rule I. — That the ring shall be made on turf, and shall 
be four-and-twenty feet square, formed of eight stakes and 
ropes, the latter extending in double lines, the uppermost 
line being four feet from the ground, and the lower two 
feet from the ground. That in the centre of the ring a 
mark be formed, to be termed a "Scratch." 

2. — That each man shall be attended to the ring by two 
seconds and a bottle-holder. That the combatants, on 
shaking hands, shall retire until the seconds of each have 
tossed for choice of position, which adjusted, the winner 
shall choose his corner according to the state of the wind 
or sun, and conduct his man thereto ; the loser taking the 
opposite diagonal corner. 

3. — That each man shall be provided with a handkerchief 
of a color suitable to his own fancy, and that the seconds 
shall entwine these handkerchiefs at the upper end of one 
of the centre stakes. That these handkerchiefs shall be 
called "colors," and that the winner of the battle at its 
conclusion shall be entitled to their possession as the 
trophy of victory. 

4. — That two umpires shall be chosen by the seconds or 
backers to watch the progress of the battle, and take ex- 
ception to any breach of the rules hereafter stated. That 
a referee shall be chosen by the umpires, unless otherwise 
agreed on, to whom all disputes shall be referred; and 
that the decision of this referee, whatever it may be, shall 
be final and strictly binding on all parties, whether as to 
the matter in dispute or the issue of the battle. That this 
official shall receive out of the stakes a sum of 5 per cent, 
for officiating, such sum to be deducted by the stakeholder 
either from the amount of the winnings in the case of a 
win, or in equitable proportions from each stake in the 
event of a draw. No payment to be made in the event 
of a forfeit or of the referee not being called upon to act. 
That the umpires shall be provided with a watch for the 
purpose of calling time ; and that they mutually agree upon 
which this duty shall devolve, the call of that umpire only 
to be attended to, and no other person whatever, except 
the referee when appealed to, shall interfere in calling 
time. That the referee shall withhold all opinion till ap- 
pealed to by the umpires, and that the umpires strictly 
abide by his decision without dispute. 




WARREN TRAVIS. 
'Police Gazette" Champion Strong Man. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 49 

5. — That on the men being stripped, it shall be the duty 
of the seconds to examine their drawers, and if any ob- 
jection arises as to insertion of improper substances there- 
in, they shall appeal to their umpires, who, with the con- 
currence of the referee, shall direct what alterations shall 
be made. 

6. — That the spikes in the fighting boots shall be con- 
fined to three in number, which shall not exceed three- 
eighths of an inch from the sole of the boot, and shall not 
be less than one-eighth of an inch broad at the point; 
two to be placed in the broadest part of the sole and one 
in the heel ; and that in the event of a man wearing any 
other spikes either in the toes or elsewhere, he shall be 
compelled either to remove them or provide other boots 
properly spiked, the penalty for refusal to be a loss of the 
stakes. 

7. — That both men being ready, each shall be conducted 
to that side of the scratch next his corner previously 
chosen ; and the seconds on the one side, and the men on 
the other, having shaken hands, the former shall imme- 
diately leave the ring, and there remain till the round be 
finished, on no pretense whatever approaching their prin- 
cipals during the round, without permission from the 
referee. The penalty to be the loss of the battle to the 
offending parties. 

8. — That at the conclusion of the round, when one or 
both of the men shall be down, the seconds shall step into 
the ring and carry or conduct their principal to his corner, 
there affording him the necessary assistance, and that no 
person whatever be permitted to interfere in his duty. 

9. — That on the expiration of thirty seconds the umpire 
appointed shall cry ''Time/' upon which each man shall 
rise from the knee of his second and walk to his own side 
of the scratch unaided ; the seconds immediately leaving 
the ring. The penalty for either of them remaining eight 
seconds after the call of time to be the loss of the battle 
to his principal ; and that either man failing to be at the 
scratch within eight seconds shall be deemed to have lost 
the battle. 

10. — That on no consideration whatever shall any per- 
son, except the seconds or the referee, be permitted to 
enter the ring during the battle, nor till it shall have been 
concluded ; and that in the event of such unfair practice, 
or the ropes or stakes being disturbed or removed, it shall 



.SO THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

be in the power of the referee to award the victory to 
that man who, in his honest opinion, shall have the best 
of the contest. 

II. — That the seconds shall not interfere, advise, or di- 
rect the adversary of their principal, and shall refrain 
from all offensive and irritating expressions, in all re- 
spects conducting themselves with order and decorum, and 
confine themselves to the diligent and careful discharge 
of their duties to their principals. 

12. — That in picking up their men, should the seconds 
willfully injure the antagonist of their principal, the latter 
shall be deemed to have forfeited the battle on the decision 
of the referee. 

13. — That it shall be a fair "stand up fight," and if 
either man shall willfully throw himself down without re- 
ceiving a blow, whether blows shall have previously been 
exchanged or not, he shall be deemed to have lost the bat- 
tle; but that this rule shall not apply to a man who in a 
close slips down from the grasp of his opponent to avoid 
punishment, or from obvious accident or weakness. 

14. — That butting with the head shall be deemed foul, 
and the party resorting to this practice shall be deemed to 
have lost the battle. 

15. — That a blow struck when a man is thrown or down 
shall be deemed foul. That a man with one knee and one 
hand on the ground, or with both knees on the ground, 
shall be deemed down ; and a blow given in either of those 
positions shall be considered foul, providing always that, 
when in such position, the man so down shall not himself 
strike or attempt to strike. 

16. — That a blow struck below the waistband shall be 
deemed foul, and that, in a close, seizing an antagonist 
below the waist, by the thigh, or otherwise, shall be deemed 
foul. 

17. — That all attempts to inflict injury by gouging, or 
tearing the flesh with the fingers or nails, and biting, shall 
be deemed foul. 

18. — That kicking, or deliberately falling on an antagonist 
with the knees or otherwise when down, shall be deemed 
foul. 

19. — That all bets shall be paid as the battle money, after 
a fight, is awarded. 

20. — The referee and umpires shall take their positions 
in front of the center stake, outside the ropes. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 5 1 

21. — That due notice shall be given by the stakeholder 
of the day and place where the battle money is to be given 
up, and that he be exonerated from all responsibility upon 
obeying the direction of the referee ; that all parties be 
strictly bound by these rules ; and that in future all articles 
of agreement for a contest be entered into with a strict 
and willing adherence to the letter and spirit of these 
rules. 

22. — That in the event of magisterial or other interfer- 
ence, or in case of darkness coming on, the referee (or 
stakeholder, in case no referee has been chosen) shall have 
the power to name the time and place for the next meet- 
ing, if possible on the same day, or as soon after as may 
be. In naming the second or third place, the nearest spot 
shall be selected to the original place of fighting where 
there is a chance of its being fought out. 

23. — That should the fight not be decided on the day all 
bets shall be drawn, unless the fight shall be resumed the 
same week, between Sunday and Sunday, in which case 
the referee's duties shall continue, and the bets shall stand 
and be decided by the event. The battle money shall re- 
main in the hands of the stakeholder until fairly won or 
lost by a fight, unless a draw be mutually agreed upon, or, 
in case of a postponement, one of the principals shall be 
absent, when the man in the ring shall be awarded the 
stakes. 

24. — That any pugilist voluntarily quitting the ring, pre- 
vious to the deliberate judgment of the referee being ob- 
tained, shall be deemed to have lost the fight. 

25. — That on an objection being made by the seconds 
or umpire the men shall retire to their corners, and there 
remain until the decision of the appointed authorities shall 
be obtained; that if pronounced "foul," the battle shall be 
at an end; but if "fair," "time" shall be called by the partv 
appointed, and the man absent from the scratch in eight 
seconds after shall be deemed to have lost the fight. The 
decision in all cases to be given promptly and irrevocably, 
for which purpose the umpires and the referee should be 
invariably close together. 

26. — That if a man leaves the ring, either to escape pun- 
ishment or for any other purpose, without the permission 
of the referee, unless he is involuntarily forced out, shall 
forfeit the battle. 

27. — That the use of hard substances, such as stones, or 



5 2 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

sticks, or of resin in the hand during the battle, shall be 
deemed foul, and that on the requisition of the seconds of 
either man the accused shall open his hands for the exam- 
ination of the referee. 

28. — That hugging on the ropes shall be deemed foul. 
That a man held by the neck against the stakes, or upon 
or against the ropes, shall be considered down, and all in- 
terference with him in that position shall be foul. That 
if a man in any way makes use of the ropes or stakes to aid 
him in squeezing his adversary, he shall be deemed the 
loser of the battle; and that if a man in a close reaches 
the ground with his knees, his adversary shall immediately 
loose him or lose the battle. 

29. — That all glove or room fights be as nearly as pos- 
sible in conformity with the foregoing rules. 

AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION RULES. 

I. — In all open competitions the ring shall not be less 
than 16 feet or more than 24 feet square, and shall be 
formed of 8 stakes and ropes, the latter extending in 
double lines, the uppermost line four feet from the floor 
and the lower line two feet from the floor. 

2. — Competitors to box in regulation athletic costume, 
in shoes without spikes, or in socks, and to use boxing 
gloves of not more than 8 ounces in weight. 

3. — Weights to be : Bantam, 105 lbs. and under ; Feather, 
115 lbs. and under; Light, 135 lbs. and under; Middle, 158 
lbs. and under; Heavy Weight, 158 lbs. and over. 

4. — Any athlete who weighs in and then fails to com- 
pete, without an excuse satisfactory to the Games Com- 
mittee, shall be suspended for six months. 

5. — In all open competitions the result shall be decided 
by two judges with a referee. A timekeeper shall be ap- 
pointed. 

6. — In all competitions the number of rounds to be con- 
tested shall be three. The duration of rounds in the trial 
bout shall be limited to three minutes each. In the "finals," 
the first two rounds will be three minutes each, and the 
final round four minutes. The interval between each round 
shall be one minute. 

7. — In all competitions, any competitor failing to come 
up when time is called, shall lose the bout. 

8. — Immediately before the competition each competitor 
shall draw his number and compete as follows : To have 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 53 

a preliminary round of as many contests as the total num- 
ber of contestants exceeds 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32, and drop the 
losers. This leaves in 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 contestants, and 
the rounds then proceed regularly with no byes or un- 
even contests. 

9. — Each competitor shall be entitled to the assistance 
of one second only, and no advice or coaching shall be 
given to any competitor by his second, or by any other 
person during the progress of any round. 

10. — The manner of judging shall be as follows: The 
two judges and referee shall be stationed apart. At the 
end of each bout, each judge shall write the name of the 
competitor who in his opinion has won, and shall hand the 
same to the announcer (or master of ceremonies). In 
case the judges agree, the master of ceremonies shall an- 
nounce the name of the winner, but in cases where the 
judges disagree, the master of ceremonies shall so inform 
the referee, who shall thereupon himself decide. 

11.— The referee shall have power to give his casting 
vote when the judges disagree to caution or disqualify a 
competitor for infringing rules, or to stop a round in the 
event of either man being knocked down, providing that 
the stopping of either of the first two rounds shall not dis- 
qualify any competitor from competing in the final round 
to decide the competition in the event of either man show- 
ing so marked a superiority over the other that a con- 
tinuation of the contest would serve only to show the 
loser's ability to take punishment. And the referee can 
order a further round, limited to two minutes, in the 
event of the judges disagreeing. 

12. — The decision of the judges or referee, as the case 
may be, shall be final. 

13. — In all competitions the decision shall be given in 
favor of the competitor who displays the best style, and 
obtains the greatest number of points. The points shall 
be : For attack, direct clean hits with the knuckles of 
either hand, on any part of the front or sides of the head, 
or body above the belt ; defense, guarding, slipping, duck- 
ing, counter-hitting or getting away. Where points are 
otherwise equal, consideration to be given the man who 
does most of the leading off. 

14. — The referee may disqualify a competitor who is 
boxing unfairly, by flicking or hitting with the open glove, 
by hitting with the inside or butt of the hand, the wrist 




HANNES KOHLEMAINEN, 

The World's Greatest Runner. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 55 

or elbow, hitting or catching hold below the waist, or hit- 
ting when down (one knee and one hand or both knees 
on the floor), butting with the head or shoulder, wrestling 
or roughing at the ropes, using offensive and scurrilous 
language, or not obeying the orders of the referee. 

15. — All competitors who have been beaten by the winner 
shall be entitled to compete for second place, and all who 
have been beaten by the winners of either first or second 
place shall be entitled to compete for third place. 

16. — Any athlete who competes in a boxing contest of 
more than four rounds shall be suspended for such stated 
period as may be determined by the Board of Managers 
of the association of the A. A. U. in whose territory the 
offense was committed. 

17. — In the event of any question arising not provided for 
in these rules, the referee to have full power to decide 
such question or interpretation of rule, 




CLUB SWINGING RULES. 



Rule i. — Club swinging consists of time, style and exe- 
cution. 

Rule 2. — Each movement must have a complete circle. 

Rule 3. — Clubs not to exceed twenty-six inches in length 
and weight to be optional. 

Rule 4. — Striking the clubs together, changing the grip, 
dropping them or letting them fall is a foul and will be 
disqualified. 

Rule 5. — The weight of the clubs to have nothing to do 
with the match unless a certain weight be agreed upon by 
both parties. 

Rule 6. — Should a contestant be unable to swing on the 
night of the match on account of sickness, the said match 
may be postponed and neither claim a forfeit. 

Rule 7. — Contestants making half circles or repeating 
movements after doing six revolutions to a movement will 
be counted against him. 

Rule 8. — Short arm club swinging evolutions are posi- 
tively not allowed and foul. 

Rule 9. — Club juggling not to be recognized as legitimate 
swinging. 

Rule 10. — The judges to have clear understanding before 
they name the winner. In case of judges disagreeing, the 
referee is to decide and the decision of the referee is final. 



COCK FIGHTING.— Standard Rules. 



Rule I. — The Police Gazette Revised Cock-fighting Rules 
shall govern all mains fought in the Northern or Middle 
States, viz. : Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa- 
chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jer- 
sey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and the District of 
Columbia. 

Rule 2. — The pit shall be a circular one, at least eighteen 
feet in diameter, and not less than sixteen in height, the 
floor of which shall be covered with carpet, or some other 
suitable material. There shall be a chalk or other mark 
made as near as can be to the centre of the pit ; also, two 
outer marks, one foot each way from the centre mark. 

Rule 3. — The pitters shall choose a judge, who shall de- 
cide all matters in dispute during the pendency of a fight, 
and whose decision shall be final. 

Rule 4. — Heels Ij4 i n - that are round from the socket to 
the point, are allowed to be fair. Any pitter bringing a 
cock in the pit with any other kind of heels, except by par- 
ticular agreement, forfeits the battle. 

Rule 5. — All cocks shall be heeled in the pit, and not 
taken. out of it until the battle is decided and the winning 
cock weighed by the judge. The pitters, before heeling, 
shall declare the weights and the terms of the match, and 
all bets made (afterward) cannot be declared off unless by 
consent of both parties. All bets to go according to the 
main bet. 

Rule 6. — Chickens shall take their age from the first day 
of March, and shall be chickens during the following fight- 
ing season, to wit : from the first day of March, 1884, to the 
first day of June, 1885. 

Rule 7. — It shall be deemed foul for either pitter to pit a 
cock with what is termed a foul hackle, that is, any of the 
shining feathers left whole upon the mane or neck; or, if 
either cock should be trimmed with a close, unfair hack. 
The judge shall direct the others to cut in the same man- 
ner, and at the time shall warn the pitter that if he bring, 
another cock in the pit in the like situation he shall forfeit 
the battle. 



53 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



Rule 8. — The pitters shall let each cock bill each other 
three or more times, but this is not to be so construed that 
the pitter of a cock shall have a right to bill each with his 
opponent's cock for the purpose of fatiguing him. 

Rule 9. — No pitter shall be permitted to handle his cock 
after he is fairly delivered in the pit, unless he counts ten 
clear and distinct without either cock making fight, or shall 
be fast in his adversary, or fast in the carpet, or hung in 
the web of the pit, or in himself, or if on his back, the 
pitter shall turn him on his belly, but not take him off the 
floor. 

Rule 10. — Whenever a cock is fast in his adversary, the 
pitter of the cock, when the spurs are fast in, shall draw 
them out, but the pitter of a cock has no right to draw 
his own spurs except when fast in himself, or in the car- 
pet, or in the web of the pit. 

Rule 11. — No pitter, after the cocks have been delivered 
in the pit, shall be permitted to clean their beaks or eyes, by 
blowing or otherwise, or squeezing their cock, or to press 
them against the floor or in the hands, or to hover or 
press on them so as to retard them striking during the 
pendency of a fight. 

Rule 12. — When either pitter shall have counted ten tens 
successively without the cock refusing fight making fight 
again, breasting them fair on their feet, breast to breast 
and beak to beak on the centre mark, on the fifth ten being 
told and also on the ninth ten being told, shall have won 
the fight; the pitters are bound to tell each ten as they 
count them, as follows — once, twice, etc. 

Rule 13. — When a cock is pounded, and no person takes it 
until the pitter counts twenty twice, and calls three times, 
"Who takes it?" and no person takes it, it is a battle to the 
cock the odds are upon ; but the pitter of the pounded cock 
may demand the pound to be put up in the judge's hands — 
that is, $20 to $1. Should this not be done, then the pitter 
will go on as though there were no poundage. 

Rule 14. — If a cock is pounded, and the poundage taken, 
and if the cock the odds are laid against should get up and 
knock down his adversary, then if the other cock is pounded 
and the poundage not taken before the pitter counts twenty 
twice, and calls out three times, "Who takes it?" he wins; 
although there was a poundage before. 

Rule 15. — It shall be the duty of the respective pitters to 
deliver their cocks fair on their feet, on the outer mark, 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 59 

facing each other, and in a standing position, except on the 
fifth ten being told, and also on the ninth ten being told, 
when they shall be placed on the centre mark, breast to 
breast and beak to beak in like manner. Any pitter being 
guilty of shoving his cock across the score, or of pinching 
him, or using any unfair means for the purpose of making 
his cock fight, shall lose the fight. 

Rule 16. — If both cocks refuse, or if they should both 
fight together, and then both refuse, it is a drawn battle. 
In such a case the pitter counting, counts for both. 

Rule 17. — If a cock should die before he is counted out, 
if he fought last, he wins the battle. 

Rule 18. — The crowing or the raising of the hackle of a 
cock is not fight, nor in fighting at the pitter's hands. A 
breaking cock is a fighting cock, but a cock breaking from 
his adversary is not fight. 

Rule 19. — If any dispute arises between the pitters during 
the pendency of a fight, the cocks are not to be taken out 
of the pit, nor their gaffs taken off until it is decided by the 
judge, which should be done promptly; and the pitter re- 
fusing, if ordered to renew the fight, shall lose the battle. 

Rule 20. — Each cock within two ounces of each other 
shall be a match, except blinkers, when fighting against 
two-eyed cocks; an allowance of four ounces will be made. 
When blinkers are matched against each other, the same 
rule to apply as to two-eyed cocks. 

Rule 21.— Ariy person fighting a cock heavier than he is 
represented on the match list, shall lose the fight, although 
he may have won — but all outside bets are off. 

Rule 22.— The greasing or soaping a cock or any other 
external application, or the filling of the heels, are unfair 
practices, and the pitter so offending shall lose the battle, 
arid shall forfeit all right to handle in this pit — and all out- 
side bets are off. . 

[For detailed information as to cock fighting and training, 
together with the rules for the different sections of the 
country get the " Cocker's Guide," published by 
Richard K. Fox; price, 25 cents.] 







HARRY SEEBACK. 
"Police Gazette" Champion Bag Puncher. 



DOG FIGHTING. 



Rule I. — To be a fair scratch in turn fight. 

Rule 2. — Both dogs to be tasted before and after fighting 
if required. 

Rule 3. — Both dogs to be shown fair to the scratch. 

Rule 4. — Both seconds to deliver the dogs fair from the 
corner and not to push or shove his dog, nor follow him 
until the dogs get into fighting distance of each other. 

Rule 5. — The timekeeper to be chosen in the pit before 
fighting. Half minute time to be allowed between every 
fair go away that is a fair turn when a dog turns his head 
and his four legs. Twenty-five seconds allowed for spong- 
ing, and at the expiration of that time the timekeeper shall 
call, "Make ready, let go," and the dog refusing or stop- 
ping on his way, to be the loser. 

Rule 6. — Should either second pick up his dog in holt 
while taking a turn, he must put him down immediately 
when called on to do so by order of the judges or referee. 

Rule 7. — Should anything pernicious or otherwise foul 
mixture be found on either dog before or after fighting in 
the pit, the backers of the dog so found shall forfeit, and 
the person or persons holding the battle money shall give 
up immediately when called on to do so. 

Rule 8. — Two umpires and a referee to be chosen in the 
pit before fighting. In case the umpires should not agree, 
the decision of the referee to be final. 

Rule 9. — Either dog exceeding the stipulated weight at 
the time appointed for weighing shall forfeit the money 
deposited. 

Rule 10. — No dog to scratch to a dead dog ; when one dog 
is dead, the living dog is the winner of the battle. 

Rule 11. — Both dogs shall be washed in the same tub and 
water, with soda or any other substance that will not in- 
jure either dog. 

Rule 12. — Should either dog get fanged during the fight, 
the handler of the dog so found shall make it known to the 
referee, and the privilege will be given to unfang the dog 
or dogs in a satisfactory manner. 

[For full information as to the training and care of fighting 
and other dogs, see "The Dog Pit; How to Train," 
published by Richard K. Fox.] 



62 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

Rule 13. — After the dog or dogs are unfanged, it will 
be the duty of the timekeeper to give half minute time; 
25 seconds allowed to get ready, and the dogs to be placed 
two feet apart and both dogs to be let go at the same time 
when the half minute is up, and the timekeeper gives the 
word, "Let go." 

Rule 14. — In case of interference, the referee, if one has 
been appointed, or else the stakeholder, shall appoint the 
next place of fighting not to exceed 24 hours, if possible, 
and so on until the battle is decided. 

Rule 15. — All deposits be made good at the time ap- 
pointed, or the declining parties to forfeit. 




FOOTBALL RULES. 



EQUIPMENT, OFFICIALS, ETC. 

Rule i. — The game shall be played upon a rectangular 
field, 330 feet in length and 160 feet in width, enclosed by 
heavy white lines marked in lime upon the ground. The 
lines at the two ends shall be termed goal lines. The side 
lines shall extend beyond their points of intersection with 
the goal line. The goal shall be placed in the middle of 
each goal line, and shall consist of two upright posts ex- 
ceeding 20 feet in height and placed 18 feet 6 inches apart, 
with horizontal crossbar 10 feet from the ground. 

The game shall be played by two teams of eleven men 
each. 

* The officials of the game shall be a referee, an umpire 
and two linesmen. 

Rule 2. — A Drop kick is made by letting the ball drop 
from the hands and kicking it the instant it rises from the 
ground. 

A Place kick is made by kicking the ball after it has 
been placed on the ground. 

A Punt is made by letting the ball drop from the hands 
and kicking it before it touches the ground. 

A Kick off is a place kick from the centre of the field of 
play, and cannot score a goal. (See Rule 8.) 

A Kick out is a drop kick, place kick or punt made by a 
player of the side which has made a safety or a touchback. 

A Free kick is a term used to designate any kick when 
the opponents are restrained by rule from advancing be- 
yond a certain point before the ball is put in play. 

Rule 3. — The ball is Out of Bounds when it touches the 
ground on or outside the side line or side line extended, 
or when any part of the player who holds the ball touches 
the ground on or outside the side line or side line ex- 
tended. 

If the ball is kicked so that it goes out of bounds before 
crossing the opponents' goal line, it shall belong to the 
opponents at the point where it crossed the side line. If, 



6 4 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 

however, it strikes any player who is on side and then goes 
out of bounds, it shall belong to the player who first ob- 
tains possession of it. 

Rule 4. — A Touchdown is made when the ball in pos- 
session of a player is declared dead by the referee, any 
part of it being on, over or behind the opponents'' goal 
line. 

The point where the touchdown is marked, however, is 
not where the ball is carried across the line, but where the 
ball is fairly held or called "down." 

A Touchback is made when the ball in possession of a 
player guarding his own goal is declared dead by the 
referee, any part of it being on, over or behind the goal 
line, provided the impetus which sent it to or across the 
line was given by an opponent. 

A Safety is made when the ball in the possession of a 
player guarding his own goal is declared dead by the 
referee, any part of it being on, over or behind the goal 
line, provided the impetus which caused it to pass from 
outside the goal to or behind the goal line was given by 
the side defending the goal. Such impetus could come : 
(1) from a kick, pass, snap-back or fumble; (2) from a 
kick which bounded back from an opponent; (3) in case 
a player carrying the ball is forced back, provided the 
ball was not declared dead by the referee before the line 
was reached or crossed. 

A safety is also made when a player of the side in pos- 
session of the ball commits a foul which would give the 
ball to the opponents behind the offender's goal line ; also 
when the ball, kicked by a man behind his goal line, 
crosses the side line extended behind the goal line. 

Rule 5. — A Punt out is a punt made by a player of the 
side which has made a touchdown to another of his own 
side for a fair catch. (Rule 7.) 

Rule 6. — A Scrimmage takes place when the holder of 
the ball places it upon the ground and puts it in play by 
kicking it forward or snapping it back. The scrimmage 
does not end until the ball is again declared dead. 

The ball is always put in play from a scrimmage, except 
in cases where other specific provision is made by the 
rules. 

If, after the snapper-back has taken his position, he 
should voluntarily move the ball as if to snap it, whether 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. &5 

he withholds it altogether or only momentarily, the ball 
is in play, and the scrimmage has begun. 

When snapping the ball back, the player so doing must 
be on side, the hand or foot used in snapping the ball ex- 
cepted. 

Rule 7-.-— A Fair catch consists in catching the ball after 
it has been kicked by one of the opponents and before it 
touches the ground, or in similarly catching a punt-out by 
another of the catcher's own side, provided the player 
while making the catch, makes a mark with his heel and 
takes not more than one step thereafter. It is not a fair 
catch if the ball after the kick, was touched by another of 
his side before the catch. Opponents who are off side shall 
not interfere in any way with a player who has an oppor- 
tunity to make a fair catch, nor shall he be thrown to the 
ground after such catch is made unless he has advanced 
beyond his mark. 

If a side obtains a fair catch, the ball must be put in 
play by a punt, drop kick or place kick, and the opponents 
cannot come within ten yards of the line on which the 
fair catch was made ; the ball must be kicked from some 
point directly behind the spot where the catch was made, 
on a line parallel to the side line. 

Rule 8. — A Goal is made by kicking the ball in any way, 
except by a punt from the field of play over the cross-bar 
of the opponents' goal, or as provided in rules for conver- 
sion, of touchdown. If the ball passes directly over one of 
the uprights it counts a i^oal. Note. — If the ball, after be- 
ing kicked, strikes an opponent and then passes over the 
cross-bar, it still counts a goal. 

Rule 9. — Charging is rushing forward to seize or block 
the ball or to tackle a player. 

Rule 10. — In a scrimmage no part of any player shall be 
ahead of the ball when it is put in play. (Exception under 
Rule 6.) 

A player is put off side if the ball in play has last been 
touched by one of his own side behind him. No player, 
when off side, shall touch the ball except on a fumble or 
a muff, nor shall he interrupt or obstruct an opponent 
with his hands or arms until again on side. No player 
can, however, be called off side behind his own goal line. 

A player being off side is put on side when the ball 
has touched an opponent, or when one of his own side has 







JOHNNY COULON. 
Champion Bantamweight Boxer. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 67 

run in front of him, either with the ball,- or having been 
the last player to touch it when behind him. 

The man who, standing back of his own line of scrim- 
mage, receives the ball from one of his own side and then 
kicks it beyond the line of scrimmage, may not put other 
men on side by running ahead of them, nor may he him- 
self get the ball until after it has touched a player of the 
opposing side. 

[The reason for this prohibition is in order that there 
may be no excuse whatever for running into the full-back 
after he has kicked the ball.] 

If the ball, when not in possession of either side, is 
touched when inside the opponents' ten-yard line by a 
player who is off side, it shall go as a touchback to the 
defenders of that goal. 

Rule 11. — The ball is dead: Whenever the referee, um- 
pire or linesman blows his whistle or declares a down. 

When the referee has declared that a down, touchdown, 
touchback, safety or goal has been made. 

When a fair catch has been heeled. 

When it has been downed after going out of bounds. 

When the ball goes out of bounds after a kick before 
touching a player who is on side. 

Should the ball strike an official it is not regarded as 
dead, but play continues exactly as if the ball had not 
touched him. 

No play can be made when the ball is dead, except to 
put it in play according to rule. 

Rule 12. — The length of the game shall be 70 minutes, 
divided into two halves of 35 minutes each, exclusive of 
time taken out. There shall be ten minutes intermission 
between the two halves. 

[The game may be of shorter duration by mutual agree- 
ment between the captains of the contesting teams.] 

Whenever the commencement of a game is so late that 
in the opinion of the referee, there is any likelihood of 
the game being interfered with by darkness, he shall, before 
play begins, arbitrarily shorten the two halves to such 
length as shall insure two equal halves being completed, 
and shall notify both captains of the exact time thus set. 
Either side refusing to abide by the opinion of the referee 
on this point, shall forfeit the game. 

The game shall be decided by the final score at the end 
of the two halves. 



68 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



Time shall not be called for the end of a half until the 
ball is dead, and in case of a touchdown, the try-at-goal 
shall be allowed. 

Time shall be taken out whenever the game is unneces- 
sarily delayed or while the ball is being brought out for a 
try-at-goal, kick out or kick off, or when play is for any 
reason suspended by the referee, umpire or linesman. 
Time shall begin again when the ball is actually put in play. 

Time is not to be taken out when the ball goes out of 
bounds except in case of unreasonable delay in returning 
the ball to play. 

No delay arising from any cause whatsoever shall con- 
tinue more than two minutes. Any delay thereafter shall 
be penalized under Rule 27 and Rule 28. 

Rule 13. — The captains of the opposing teams shall toss 
up a coin before the beginning of a game, and the winner 
of the toss shall have his choice of goal or kick off. The 
ball shall be kicked off at the beginning of each half, the 
kick off at the beginning of the second half being made 
by the side that did not first kick off at the beginning of 
the game. The teams shall change goals after every try- 
at-goal following a touchdown, and after every goal from 
the field, and the side just scored upon shall have the op- 
tion of kicking off or of having their opponents kick off. 
At the beginning of the second half the teams shall take 
opposite goals from those assumed at the beginning of the 
first half. 

At kick off, if the ball goes out of bounds before it is 
touched by an opponent, it shall be brought back and kicked 
off again. If it is kicked out of bounds a second time, it 
shall go as a kick off to the opponents. If either side thus 
forfeits the ball twice, it shall go to the opponents, who 
shall put it in play by a scrimmage at the centre of the 
field. 

At kick off, if the ball is kicked across the goal line and 
is there declared dead when in the possession of one of 
the side defending the goal, it is a touchback. If the ball 
is not declared dead, the side defending the goal may run 
with it or kick it exactly as if it had not crossed the goal 
line. If it is declared dead thus in possession of the at- 
tacking side, it is a touchdown. 

At kick off and on a punt or drop kick from a fair catch, 
the opposite side must stand at least ten yards in front of 
the ball until it is kicked. On a kick out, the opposite side 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. &9 

cannot stand nearer the goal than the 25-yard line, except 
on a kick out made after a drop kick upon a first down 
inside the 25-yard line, when the 10-yard line is the re- 
straining mark. [See Rule 23, exception.] 

Rule 14. — The side which has a free kick must be behind 
the ball when it is kicked. 

Otherwise the kick must be made again under conditions 
laid down in Penalties. 

In the case of a kick off, kick out, kick from a fair catch 
or kick after touching the ball in at side line (Rule 22, a), 
the ball must be kicked a distance of at least ten yards 
towards the opponents' goal from the line restraining the 
player making the kick, unless it is stopped by an oppo- 
nent; otherwise the ball is not in play. 

Rule 15. — Charging is lawful, in case of a punt out or 
kick off, as soon as the ball is kicked ; and the opponents 
must not charge until the ball is kicked. 

In case of any other free kick, charging is lawful: (1) 
When the player of the side having the free kick ad- 
vances beyond his restraining line or mark with the ball 
in his possession; (2) When he has allowed the ball to 
touch the ground by accident or otherwise. 

If such lawful charging takes place, and if the side hav- 
ing the free kick fails to kick the ball, then the opponents 
may line up five yards ahead of the line which restrained 
them before charging. In that case, the side having the 
free kick must kick the ball from some point directly be- 
hind its mark, if the free kick resulted from a fair catch, 
and in other cases from behind the new restraining line. 

If, in case of a try-at-goal, after a touchdown, the ball 
is not kicked, after having been allowed to touch the 
ground once, no second attempt shall be permitted, and the 
ball shall be kicked off at the centre of the field. (Rule 

13.) 

Rule 16. — The snapper-back is entitled to full and undis- 
turbed possession of the ball. The opponents must neither 
interfere with the snapper-back nor touch the ball until it 
is actually put in play. 

In snapping the ball back, if the player so doing is off 
side, the ball must be snapped again, and if this occurs 
once more on the same down, the opponents shall receive- 
five yards, the number of the down and the point to be 
gained remaining unchanged. If the player is off side for 



7° THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

the third time on the same scrimmage, the ball shall go 
to the opponents. 

The man who snaps back and the man opposite him in 
the scrimmage may not afterward touch the ball until it 
has touched some player other than these two. If this rule 
is broken, the ball goes to the opponents on the spot of the 
foul. 

If the man who puts the ball in play in a scrimmage kicks 
it forward, no player of his side can touch it until it has 
gone ten yards into the opponents* territory, unless it be 
touched by an opponent. If this rule is broken the ball 
goes to the opponents on the spot of the foul. 

The man who first receives the ball when it is snapped 
back shall not (save as provided in Rule 18) carry the ball 
forward beyond the line of scrimmage unless he has re- 
gained it after it has been passed to and has touched an- 
other player. 

Rule 17. — Before the ball is put in play no player shall 
lay his hands upon, or by the use of his hands or arms, 
interfere with an opponent in such a way as to delay put- 
ting the ball in play. Any such interference shall be re- 
garded as delay of game. (Rule 28.) 

After the ball is put in play, the players of the side that 
has possession of the ball may obstruct the opponents with 
the body only, except the player running with the ball, 
who may use his hands and arms. 

The players of the side not having the ball may use their 
hands and arms but only to get their opponents out of the 
way in order to reach the ball or stop the player carrying 
it. 

Rule 18. — Before the ball is put in play in a scrimmage, 
if any player of the side which has the ball takes more 
than one step in any direction, he must come to a full stop 
before the ball is put in play. 

One man of the side having the ball may be in motion 
towards his own goal without coming to a stop before the 
ball is put in play. 

When the ball is put in play in a scrimmage at any point 
of the central section of the field, that is, the portion 
bounded by the two twenty-five yard lines and the two side 
lines — 

At least seven players of the side having the ball must 
be on the line of scrimmage. 

The player who first receives the ball when the scrim- 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 7 1 

mage is within the above mentioned territory, may carry 
it forward beyond the line of scrimmage, provided in so 
doing he crosses such line at least five yards from the 
point where the snapper-back put the ball in play. 

When the ball is put in play by a scrimmage at any 
point on or between one of these twenty-five yard lines and 
the nearest goal line — 

At least five players of the side having the ball must be 
on the line of scrimmage. 

If five players, not including the quarterback, are behind 
the line of scrimmage, they must occupy one of the three 
following positions, viz.: (i) All five of such players may 
be inside the positions occupied by the players at the ends 
of the line of scrimmage, in which case two of these 
players must be at least five yards back of this line; or (2) 
if one of the said five players be outside of the position oc- 
cupied by the player at the end of said line, then only one 
other of these five players must be at least five yards back 
of this line; but (3) all five of these players may be nearer 
than five yards to the line of scrimmage, provided two of 
them be outside the positions occupied by the players at 
the ends of said line. In this rule "outside" means both 
feet outside the outside foot of the player at the end of 
the line. 

Rule 19. — A player may throw, pass or bat the ball in 
any direction except toward his opponents' goal. 

Rule 20. — If a player having the ball is tackled, and the 
movement of the ball stopped, or if the player cries "down," 
the referee shall blow his whistle, and the side holding the 
ball shall put it down for a scrimmage. 

As soon as a runner attempting to go through is tackled 
and goes down, being held by an opponent, or whenever a 
runner having the ball in his possession cries "down," or 
if he goes out of bounds, the referee shall blow his whistle 
and the ball shall be considered down at that spot. 

There shall be no piling up on the player after the 
referee has declared the ball dead. 

Rule 21. — If, in three consecutive downs (unless the ball 
crosses the goal line), a team has neither advanced the 
ball five yards, nor taken it back twenty yards, it shall go 
to the opponents on the spot of the fourth down. 

When a distance penalty is given the ensuing down shall- 
be counted the first down, unless this should result to the 
advantage of the offending side, when the down and the 




GEORGE HORINE. 
Champion High Jumper of the World. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 73 

point, or in some cases the distance to be gained for first 
down shall remain the same. 

Rule 22. — If the ball goes out of bounds, whether it 
bounds back or not, a player of the side which secures it 
must bring it to the spot where the line was crossed, and 
there either : 

Touch it in with both hands at right angles to the side 
line and then kick it at least ten yards towards his oppo- 
nents' goal; — [Neither side need be on side when the ball 
is thus put in play.] — or 

Walk out with it at right angles to the side line, any 
distance not less than five nor more than fifteen yards, and 
there put it down for a scrimmage, first declaring how far 
he intends walking. 

Rule 23. — A side which has made a touchback or a safety 
must kick out, from not more than twenty-five yards out- 
side the kicker's goal. If the ball goes out of bounds be- 
fore striking a player, it must be kicked out again, and if 
this occurs twice in succession, it shall be given to the 
opponents as out .of bounds on the twenty-five yard line 
on the side where it went out. At kick out the opponents 
must be on the twenty-five yard line or nearer their own 
goal, and the kicker's side must be behind the ball when 
it is kicked. Should a second touchback occur before four 
downs have been played, the side defending the goal may 
have the choice of a down at the twenty-five yard line, or 
a kick out. 

Whenever a side has tried a drop kick at the goal upon a 
first down inside the twenty-five yard line and the result 
has been a touchback, the ten-yard instead of the twenty- 
five-yard line, shall determine the position of the oppo- 
nents, and the kicker's side must be behind the ball when 
it is kicked. 

Rule 24. — A side which has made a touchdown must try 
at goal by a place kick direct, or by a place kick preceded 
by a punt-out if they so desire. 

After the try-at-goal, whether the goal be made or 
missed, the ball shall be kicked off at the centre of the 
field, as provided in Rule 13. 

Rule 25. — If the try be by a place kick, a player on the 
side which has made the touchdown shall hold the ball for 
another of his side to kick at some point outside the goal 
on a line parallel to the side line passing through the point 
where the touchdown was declared. The opponents must 



74 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

remain behind their goal line until the ball has been placed 
upon the ground. The referee shall signal with his hand 
when the ball is placed on the ground. 

If the try-at-goal is to be preceded by a punt out, the 
punter shall kick the ball from the point at which the line 
parallel to the side line, and passing through the spot of the 
touchdown, intersects the goal line. The players of his side 
must stand in the field of play not less than five yards from 
the goal line. 

The opponents may line up anywhere on the goal line 
except within the space of ten feet on each side of the 
punter's mark, but they cannot interfere with the punter. 
If a fair catch be made from a puntout, the mark shall 
serve to determine the positions as the mark of any fair 
catch, and the try-at-goal shall then be made by a place kick 
from this spot, or any point directly behind it. If a fair 
catch be not made on the first attempt, the ball shall go as 
a kick off at the centre of the field to the defenders of the 
goal. 

The holder of the ball and no other player in any place 
kick may be off side or out of bounds without vitiating 
the kick. 

Rule 26. — The following shall be the values of plays in 
scoring: Goal obtained by touchdown, 6 points; goal from 
field kick, 5 points ; touchdown failing goal, 5 points ; safety 
by opponents, 2 points. 

Rule 27.— No one having projecting nails or iron plates 
on his shoes or any projecting metallic or hard substance 
on his person shall be allowed to play in a match. If head 
protectors are worn, no sole leather, papier mache, or other 
hard or unyielding material shall be used in their con- 
struction, and all other devices for protectors must be so 
arranged and padded as, in the judgment of the umpire, 
to be without danger to other players. 

Leather cleats upon the shoes shall be allowed. 

A player may be substituted for another at any time at 
the discretion of the captain of his team. 

There shall be no unnecessary roughness, throttling, 
hacking or striking with the closed fist. 

A player who has been replaced by a substitute cannot 
return to further participation in the game. 

There shall be no unnecessary delay of the game by 
either team. 

There shall be no coaching, either by substitutes or by 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 75 

any other persons not participating in the game. No one 
except the twenty-two players shall, under any circum- 
stances, come upon the field of play, save only in case of 
an accident to a player, and then but one official represen- 
tative, and he previously designated to the umpire, shall 
have this right. Only five men shall be allowed to walk 
up and down on each side of the field. The rest, includ- 
ing substitutes, water carriers, and all who are admitted 
within the enclosure, must be seated throughout the game. 
None of these shall come upon the field of play without per- 
mission of the umpire. Breach of any part of this rule 
shall constitute a foul, and be punished by 3 loss of five 
yards to the side whose man infringes, the number of the 
down and the distance to be gained for first down remain- 
ing unchanged. 

There shall be no tripping. 

Rule 28. — A foul is any violation of a rule. The pen- 
alties for fouls shall be as follows : 

1. For tripping an opponent (Rule 27) by either side the 
penalty shall be the loss of twenty yards. 

For holding an opponent who has not the ball (Rule 17), 
or for unlawful use of hands or arms (Rule 17), for vio- 
lation of the rules governing off side play (Rule 10), for 
violation of Rules 16 and 18, except where special pro- 
vision is made elsewhere, the penalty shall be the loss of 
five yards if the side not in possession of the ball was the 
offender; if the offending side was in possession of the 
ball, it shall be the loss of twenty yards, the number of 
the down and the point to be gained for first down re- 
maining unchanged. 

The penalties above named shall be given from the spot 
where the foul was committed. 

2. If the ball is thrown, passed or batted toward the 
opponents' goal, the opponents shall receive five yards, that 
is, the ball shall be put in play at a point five yards back 
of the spot where the man was when he made the for- 
ward pass. The point for his side then to reach will be 
ten yards from the spot where the ball is then put in play 
by a scrimmage, the number of the down remaining un- 
affected. 

m 3- In the case of interference of any kind with put-, 
ting the ball in play (Rules 16 and 17) or unnecessary 
delay of the game (Rule 27), the offended side shall be 
advanced five yards. 



7<> THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

4. In case of piling up on a player after the referee has 
declared the ball dead (Rule 20), the offended side shall 
receive fifteen yards. 

If a player who has an opportunity of making a fair 
catch (Rule 7) is unlawfully obstructed, the offended side 
shall receive fifteen yards and the choice of putting the 
ball in play by a free kick or by a scrimmage. 

If a player who has heeled a fair catch (Rule 7) is 
thrown to the ground, unless he has advanced beyond his 
mark, his side shall receive fifteen yards and be obliged to 
take a free kick. 

5. In any case of free kick (Rule 2), if the kicker ad- 
vances beyond his mark, before kicking the ball (Rules 7, 
15 and 25), no matter whether he then kicks or not, the 
opponents shall be allowed to line up five yards nearer the 
kicker's mark, and the kick shall then be made from some 
point back of the first mark, and at the same distance from 
the side line. 

This shall also apply when the side having a free kick 
allows the ball to touch the ground (Rules 15 and 25), 
and then fails to kick it (kick off and try-at-goal after 
touchdown excepted). The same ruling shall be given in 
case any player of the side making a free kick is ahead of 
the ball when it is kicked (Rule 14). 

In the case of a free kick, if the opponents charge (Rule 
9) before the ball is put in play (Rule 15), they shall be 
put back five yards for every such offence and the ball shall 
be put in play again by a kick from a point which may be 
five yards nearer the opponents' goal. 

6. In the case of unlawful starting before the ball has 
been put in play for a scrimmage (Rule 18) provided there 
is no infraction of Rule 10, the side thus offending shall 
lose five yards, the number of the down and the point to 
be gained remaining unchanged. 

The same ruling shall be made in cases of infraction of 
Rule 18. 

7. If either side refuses to play within two minutes after 
having been ordered to do so by the referee, it shall for- 
feit the game. This shall also apply to refusing to begin 
a game when ordered to do so by the referee. (Rule 12.) 

8. Whenever the rules provide for a distance penalty, if 
the distance prescribed would carry the ball nearer to the 
goal line than the five-yard line, the ball shall be down 
on the five-yard line. If, however, the foul is committed 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 77 

inside the ten-yard line, half the distance to the goal 
shall be given. 

9. If a team on the defence commits fouls when so near 
its own goal that these fouls are punishable only by the 
halving of the distance to the line (Rule 28), the object 
being, in the opinion of the referee, to delay the game, the 
offending side shall be regarded as refusing to allow the 
game to proceed. The referee shall, in such case, warn 
the offending side once, and if the offence is repeated, he 
shall declare the game forfeited to the opponents. 

10. If a player is guilty of unnecessary roughness, 
throttling, hacking or striking with closed fist (Rule 27), 
he shall be at once disqualified. 

11. In case the game is interfered with by some act 
palpably unsportsmanlike and not elsewhere provided for 
in these rules, the umpire shall have the power to award 
ten yards to the offended side, the number of the down 
and the point to be gained for first down remaining un- 
changed. 

12. For infringement of any part of Rule 2"j, the pen- 
alty shall be a loss of five yards by the side offending, the 
number of the down and the point to be gained remaining 
unchanged. 

THE REFEREE. 

Rule 29. — In making his decisions the referee must recog- 
nize and allow precedence to any penalty inflicted by the 
umpire for a foul. 

The referee's decisions are final upon all points not 
specified in the duties of the umpire. 

The referee shall see that the ball is properly put in 
play, and he is judge of its position and progress. 

He is judge of forward passes, of interference with the 
snap-back, and of the advance of the ball by the player who 
first receives it from the snapper-back when the ball is 
put in play from a scrimmage (Rule 16), and offences 
under Rule 18. 

At the beginning of a game and in every case after time 
has been taken out, he shall ascertain from each captain 
that his team is ready, before ordering play to begin. 

He is sole authority for the score of the game and 
is judge of forfeiture of the game under the rules. 

The referee may appeal to both the umpire and linesman 
for testimony upon all points within his jurisdiction. 




JIM DUNCAN. 
World's Champion Discus Thrower. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 79 

The referee must volunteer testimony to the umpire con- 
cerning infringement of Rule 2J. 

THE UMPIRE. 

The Umpire is judge of the conduct of the players, and 
his decision is final regarding such fouls as are not spe- 
cifically placed within the jurisdiction of the referee. 

The umpire is judge of charging, and of the positions 
of players whenever the ball is put in play. 

He may appeal to both the referee and linesman for tes- 
timony in cases of fouls seen by them, and it shall be 
their duty to volunteer testimony concerning violations of 
Rule 27. 

The umpire shall not blow his whistle nor declare the 
ball dead, nor call time, except to grant a penalty for a 
foul committed. 

Whenever the umpire notices or is informed by the ref- 
eree or linesman that a substitute or any other person not 
participating in the game is coaching, he shall immediately 
exclude the offender for the remainder of the game from 
the neighborhood of the field of play; i. e., send the of- 
fender behind the ropes or fence surrounding the field 
of play. 

Furthermore, he shall exact the penalty as provided in 
Rule 28, paragraph 12. 

THE LINESMEN. 

The linesmen shall, under the supervision of the referee, 
mark the distances gained or lost in the progress of the 

They shall remain on the side lines and be provided with 
two assistants, who shall remain outside the field of play 
and who shall use, in measuring distance, the rope or 
chain provided. 



CHANGES IN THE RULES. 



At a meeting: of the Football Rules Committee, in April, 1904, it 
was decided that four men, in addition to the quarter-back, may 
play behind the line. 

The value of a field goal was reduced from 5 points to 4. 

The umpire is to use a bell or horn instead of a whistle, that he 
may be distinguished from the referee. 

If ia along run a foul is committed, the run is to be allowed if 
the foul in no way interferes with the runner. 



GAELIC FOOTBALL. 



I. — The ground for teams of 21 men on a side must be 
196 yards long and 140 yards wide. 

2. — There must not be less than 14 men on a side, nor 
more than 21. 

3. — Two umpires and a referee govern the game, and 
in case of a dispute between the former, the referee's de- 
cision shall be final. A goal umpire shall be also ap- 
pointed for each goal to watch the points. 

4. — The regulation goal posts are 21 feet apart with a 
cross-bar eight feet from the ground. A goal is counted 
when the ball is sent between the posts and under the bar. 
A point is counted when the ball is sent over the cross-bar 
or within 21 feet of either goal post. 

5. — Before the ball is put in play the opposing teams 
shall stand in two rows, facing each other in the centre of 
the field, each holding the hand of an opponent. 

6. — It is foul to push from behind, butt, trip or hold, and 
the penalty is disqualification. 

7.— The time of play, less time out, shall be one hour. 
Sides to be changed after thirty minutes of play. 

8. — When a player drives a ball over the side line, it 
shall be thrown back from the point where it first crossed 
the line by a player on the opposite side. It may be thrown 
in any direction, but the thrower must not play it him- 
self until it has been touched by some other player. Neither 
goal nor point can be scored from a throw-in from the side 
lines, unless the ball be struck by some player after the 
throw-in, and before it crosses the goal-line. When the 
ball is driven over the goal-line, the goalkeeper shall have 
a free kick from goal ; no player on the opposite side to 
approach nearer than the 21-yard line till the ball is kicked. 
No player of the kicker's side to be further out from his 
goal-line than the center of the ground, until the ball is 
kicked. If a ball that otherwise would not have crossed 
the line be driven over the cross-bar, or over any part of 
the goal-line outside the goal-posts by a player whose goal- 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 8l 

line it is, the opposite side shall have a free kick 40 yards 
out from the goal-post. 

9. — The match shall be decided by the greater number 
of goals ; when no goal is made, or when the goals are 
even, it shall be decided by the greater number of points. 

10. — The ball may be struck with the hand. It may be 
caught when off the ground, and the player so catching it 
may kick it any way he pleases, but must not carry or 
throw it. 

11. — Where the rules are broken, the referee may allow 
a free kick if he thinks fit. In all free kicks, the ball must 
be kicked from the ground ; no player on the opposite side 
to approach nearer than 14 yards until the ball is kicked ; 
but if the free kick is allowed nearer than 14 yards off the 
goal-line, the opposite players need not stand behind that 
line. 

12. — If the ball strikes a bystander near the side-line, ex- 
cept the referee or umpire, it shall be considered out of 
play, and must be thrown in as directed in Rule 8. If it 
occurs at the goal-line, it also shall be considered out of 
play, and must be kicked from the goal. In the latter case 
the referee may allow a point or goal if he considers that 
the ball would have passed through the goal or point space 
but for being stopped. 

13. — The umpires shall have, during the match, full 
power to disqualify any player, or order him to stand 
aside and discontinue play, for any act they may consider 
unfair, as set down in Rule 6. 

14. — Any player or players fouling another outside of the 
boundary lines shall be excluded from the game, for such 
time as the umpires deem proper. 

No nails or iron tips allowed on the boots. 




RULES FOR HANDBALL. 



(Of the Amateur Athletic Union of America.) 

A game to consist of 21 aces. 

The players must toss for position. 

The ball used must be one and seven-eighths inches in 
diameter and weigh one and five-eighths ounces. 

An ace is made when the server sends the ball to any 
part of the court beyond the ace line and his opponent 
fails to return it to the front wall. 

All balls must be recovered on the first bound after 
reaching the floor. 

When the ball is returned to the front wall, the server 
must recover it, on the fly or the first bound; if he doesn't, 
the hand is out and his opponent becomes the server. 

It is permissible to serve from either side of the court 
so long as the server remains within the parallel lines. 
Stepping beyond the inner line twice in succession, or hit- 
ting either side wall, roof or floor before striking the 
front wall, or serving three short balls in succession, shall 
cause the loss of a hand. 

When the ball is in play each player must give way to 
an opponent, and in no way interfere with the playing of 
the ball. Should the ball strike the server before reaching 
his opponent, or strike the opponent while in the act of 
being served, this shall be termed a hinder. Many of these 
might be deemed accidents, while again others might be 
intentional, and if so decided by the referee, shall count 
as an ace against the player violating the rule, or a hand 
may be counted out. 

When a ball from the server drops anywhere inside of 
the ace line, the player has the privilege of playing it should 
he so desire, but in doing so, the play counts the same as 
though the ball had been served regularly over the ace line, 
and if it reaches the front wall, the ball must be returned 
by the opponent. In the return of all balls the use of the 
foot is debarred, and a player using the foot at any time 
will have committed a foul and the punishment will be 
the loss of an ace or a hand out. 

Only one hand shall be used at a time in striking a ball, 



OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 83 

otherwise a foul is committed, and the penalty will be the 
loss of an ace or a hand out. 

After a server shall have been retired he shall be given 
sufficient time to have gotten into position before play is 
resumed. 

If an appeal is made to the referee he must decide the 
point promptly. His decision on all questions shall be final. 

In presiding over the game, the officials shall be a ref- 
eree and a scorer. The referee shall decide all questions 
pertaining to the serving of the ball and its return, and 
whether the ball be played short or fails to reach the front 
wall. He shall decide the aces made and shall be judge 
of the hand out. 

The scorer shall keep a correct tally of the aces made, 
and shall keep the contestants informed as to the progress 
of the game. He shall also be a judge of the hinders or 
fouls. Any disobedience to the orders of the referee or 
scorer by a player will result in his being disqualified from 
further competition. 

Playing in bare feet will be debarred. The use of gloves 
on the hands will be allowed. 





ANNETTE KELLERMAN. 
One of the Greatest Swimmers in the World. 



HANDBALL. 



(Rules of the Gaelic Athletic Association of Ireland.) 

[The object of these rules is to govern matches in all 
kinds of courts whether with or without side walls, as well 
as in the regulation courts.] 

[For alleys or courts with a clay floor the short lines 
should be two-thirds of the length from the front wall, 
but for concrete, flagged, or bricked floors, the short line 
should be nearer the centre.] 

Rule I. — A line called the short line must be drawn 
parallel to the front wall, not nearer to it than half the 
length, nor further from it than two-thirds of the length 
of the floor. 

Rule 2. — A line should be drawn at the extreme edge of 
the floor, if there be no back wall, six feet from the bound- 
ary, to keep off spectators, and parallel to the front wall. 
This line to be called the over line. 

Rule 3. — Where there are no side walls, or where the 
side walls do not extend to the over line, lines should be 
drawn from the ends of the front wall or side wall to the 
extremities of the over lines. These lines to be called side 
lines. 

Rule 4. — A floor should be sixty feet long, or as near to 
it as possible. A tell-board four inches high should be 
placed at the base of the front wall. A ball striking the 
tell-board should be considered as striking the floor. The 
upper edge of the tell-board should be beveled. 

Rule 5. — The balls to be hard and covered with sheep- 
skin or any suitable kind of leather. No ball to be less 
than one and a half or more than one and three-quarters 
ounces in weight. 

Rule 6. — A game to consist of fifteen aces, and to be 
won by whichever player or team gets this number. 

Rule 7. — A rubber may consist of any odd number of 
games, and will be won by whichever gains the greater 
number of games. 

Rule 8. — A "home and home" rubber to be played in the 
two alleys or courts belonging to the challenged and chal- 
lenging players — as many games as may be agreed on to 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



be played in the one alley or court, and the remainder or 
a sufficient number of games to decide the rubber in the 
second alley or court. 

Rule 9. — Before commencing a rubber the opposing 
players shall toss for choice of inside or outside ground. 
One "hand" shall be given for first innings of every game ; 
two "hands" for second and succeeding innings, if there 
be two players on each side; and three "hands" for third 
and succeeding innings if there be three players on each 
side. When one game is finished the winners will have 
choice of ground. 

Rule 10. — All balls served out from the front wall to the 
outside must be tossed — that is, hopped and struck with the 
hand against the front wall. Jerking not to be allowed in 
inter-alley, championship, or inter-county matches. 

Rule 11. — An ace to count when an outside player misses 
a ball, fails to return one which has been tossed out or 
played to him, or makes a "foul." A "hand out" to count 
when an inside player misses a ball, fails to return one 
which has been played to him, or makes a "foul." 

Rule 12. — Touching a ball to be considered as playing 
to it; should it be played to a second time by the player 
who struck it, or his partner, before reaching the front 
wall, it shall be foul, and count as an ace or hand out. 
Playing to a ball on the second succeeding hop to be foul, 
and an ace or hand out. 

Rule 13. — Should a player catch, or deliberately stop a 
ball going to the front wall, a hand out or ace should be 
given according as the offender is an inside or outside 
player. 

Rule 14. — A ball which crosses the side line or side wall 
will be an ace or hand out, according as the player who last 
played to it is an inside or outside player. When a ball 
crossing the side line be struck at and missed before it 
hops, an ace shall be given against the player who missed. 
If the ball has hopped, and the player is not sure whether 
it is inside the line or not, he should call for judgment, 
and proceed as in Rule 23. 

Rule 15. — Should a player strike a ball and it to go up 
off his partner, it is foul, and shall count as an ace or hand 
out. Should a player strike at a ball with both hands to- 
gether, it is foul. 

Rule 16. — The partner or partners of the player who is 
serving must stand at side line or side wall and inside the 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



short line until the ball is served. 

Rule 17. — No ball to be tossed out until the outside play- 
ers are in position outside the short line. The judge may 
disallow any ball tossed out before the outside players are 
prepared, or while a question of judgment is being decided. 

Rule 18. — If the player who is serving tosses the ball 
over the side line or side wall, it will be a hand out. Should 
he fail to toss three successive balls between the short and 
over lines it will be a hand out. Should he strike the ball 
against the ground, the side wall, or his own person ere 
striking the front wall, it will be a hand out. Should he 
miss the ball when tossing it will be a hand out. Should 
he jerk the ball it will be a hand out. A ball hopping on 
a line to be over that line. 

Rule 19. — All balls tossed out between the short and 
over line must be played to unless they have touched the 
player who served them or his partner after leaving the 
front wall, or unless the judge disallows them. Should the 
partner of the player who is serving prevent a ball crossing 
the side line it will be foul. 

Rule 20. — Should the player who is tossing, or his part- 
ner, catch the ball before it hops a second time, it will be 
a hand out. Should the outside player catch a ball before 
it hops a second time, unless he be standing four feet out- 
side the over line, it will be an ace. 

HINDERS. 

Rule 21. — Should a player strike a ball and it afterwards 
strike his opponent, it shall be a hinder, and must be 
played over. 

Rule 22. — Should a ball coming from the front wall strike 
the player who put it up, or his partner, it is a hinder. 

Rule 23. — Should a player, while the ball is in play, think 
that a foul has occurred, he must call for judgment and 
play on. When the ball has been played out the judge 
will decide if a foul has occurred, and give his decision 
accordingly. Should no foul have taken place the result 
01 the play will count. The judge may, if he wishes, de- 
clare an ace or hand out when a foul occurs without 
waiting for the ball to be played out. 

Rule 24. — Should a player obstruct another in such a 
manner that he cannot play, the judge may give a hinder. 
Should the obstruction be wilful, the judge may give an ace 
or hand out against the offender. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



Rule 25. — Any ball brought off the front wall in play to 
or beyond the over line shall count dead and be played 
over. 

Rule 26. — When a ball is over or short the player may, 
or may not, as he pleases, play to it. Should he try to 
play to it and miss, it will be an ace. Should he call "over" 
or "short," and put the ball up, it will be dead and must 
be played over. 

Rule 27. — In a court, a ball brought off front wall in 
play over back wall shall be dead and shall be played over. 

Rule 28. — The decision of the judge to be final. 




HOCKEY. 



I,— The puck must be between the sticks of two oppo- 
nents and the game begins when the referee calls "play." 

2. — The ball must not be struck with the feet or hands. 

3. — The puck must be struck fairly through the goal from 
in front before the side can claim a point. 

4.— -If the puck hits the person of a player he must allow 
it to fall to the ground before he hits at it. 

5. — -Matches shall be of two twenty minute halves, with 
ten minutes intermission between, but no stops of more 
than five minutes shall be allowed. Goals shall be changed 
after each half. 

6. — No change of players to be made except in case of 
injuries received. 

7. — A player should always be on his own side of the 
puck. 

8. — The stick must not be raised above the shoulder, ex- 
cept in hitting the puck. There shall be no tripping or 
kicking. 

9. — Hockey sticks must not be more than five inches wide 
at any point. 

10. — The puck to be of rubber, one inch thick and three 
inches in diameter. 

11. — A referee, two umpires and two timekeepers to be 
selected by the captain of each team. 

12. — The decision by the referee shall be final. 




ABE KIVIAT. 
A Runner with a Record. 



RULES FOR HOCKEY. 



Rule I. — The ball must be struck with the stick and not 
kicked with the foot or touched with the hands. 

Rule 2. — The ball must be struck fairly through the goal 
"before the side can claim the game. 

Rule 3. — The goals must be marked by lines at either end, 
and in the centre a line must be drawn across to determine 
the side which has possession of the ball. 

Rule 4. — If the ball bounds against the person of a 
player, he must allow it to fall to the ground before he 
strikes at it. 

Rule 5. — Any player striking another with stick or hand, 
kicking or otherwise unfairly playing the ball, is out of 
the game. 

Rule 6. — A captain on each side is to be chosen to regu- 
late the game, and it is the duty of any player when 
directed by the captain to fetch the ball when struck to a 
distance. 



9 2 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



JUMPING. 



Rule I. — Each and every jump shall be spirit-level. 

Rule 2. — In all matches the measurement shall be from 
the scratch, which shall be toed to the nearest heel-mark. 

Rule 3. — Each jumper to be allowed three or more trials, 
as may be agreed upon. 

Rule 4. — Not le c s than five or more than fifteen minutes 
to be allowed between each jump. 

Rule 5. — The contestants to jump alternately, i. e., to 
jump in turns. 

Rule 6. — Spring shoes to be barred out, and each man's 
shoes to- be examined by the referee before jumping. 

Rule 7.' — Neither of the competitors must fall within his 
distance. 

Rule 8. — If the toe of either competitor passes the 
scratch it is "no jump," but shall count as a try. 

Rule 9. — The referee and two judges to be chosen on the 
ground or beforehand ; and to the referee all cases of dis- 
pute must be referred, and his decision to be binding. 



RUNNING HOP, STEP AND JUMP. 

(A. A. U, Rules.) 



The competitor shall first land upon the same foot with 
which he shall have taken off. The reverse foot shall be 
used for the second landing, and both feet shall be used 
for the third landing. 



HURDLE JUMPING. 



Rule 1. — A regular hurdle race should be 120 yards, over 
ten hurdles, each 3 feet 6 inches high. 

Rule 2. — The first hurdle should be placed fifteen yards 
from the scratch, and there should be ten yards between 
each hurdle. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 93 

STANDING BROAD JUMP. 

(A. A. U. Rules.) 



The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, 
but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt 
to jump. When two springs are made in attempting the 
jump, it shall count as a trial without result. 



PISTOL SHOOTING. 



Rule I. — Pistol shooting shall be at the word, and the 
distance fifteen yards ; the pistol must be single barrel, not 
exceeding twelve inches in length, and must be held muzzle 
down before the word is given. It shall be at ten shots 
string measure. 

Rule 2. — No trial shot shall be allowed at birds or tar- 
gets after the judges announce the time for the contest to 
commence. 




PYRAMID POOL. 



The game of Pyramid Pool is played with fifteen balls, 
numbered from i to 15 respectively, and a white cue-ball. 
The player opening the game plays from any point inside 
the string, and after the opening shot plays with the cue- 
ball as he finds it. Each ball counts one point, and in 
match or two-hand games, the player first scoring eight 
balls wins game. 

1. — In the opening stroke the cue-ball, aimed direct or 
as the result of a bank shot, must strike the pyramid with 
force sufficient to cause at least two object-balls to touch 
a cushion, or at least one object-ball to go into a pocket. 
Failure to do either forfeits the stroke and one ball to the 
table. 

In case of a forfeit by a player having no ball to his 
credit, the first ball scored by him shall be placed on the 
deep red spot, or as near thereto as possible. All balls 
pocketed on the opening stroke count, and need not be 
called. 

In match or tournament games, when the player on the 
opening stroke fails to drive at least two balls to a cushion 
or one ball to a pocket, the balls are set up again, and the 
player forfeits one ball from his score, and must continue 
to play until he shall have made a legal leading stroke. 

2. — After the opening stroke the player must call the 
number of the ball he intends to pocket, but need not call 
the pocket. Should the called ball not be pocketed, no 
ball pocketed on that stroke is counted, but must be placed 
on the deep-red spot, or as near as possible on a line below 
it ; the player's hnnd is out, but he incurs no penalty. 
Should more than one ball be called, and one or more thus 
culled should not be pocketed, none can be counted. Fail- 
ure to hit a called ball involves no penalty, provided any 
other ball be hit. 

3. — One ball is forfeited if after the opening stroke the 
player fail to pocket a ball, or fail to make at least one 
object-ball, or the cue-ball, after hitting an object-ball, 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 95 

strike a cushion. Should the player also pocket the cue- 
ball after failure as above described, he forfeits but one 
ball on the stroke. 

4. — When one or more balls, in addition to the ball called, 
are pocketed, the player is entitled to all pocketed. 

5. — When more than two players are engaged, the game 
is ended when the balls remaining on the table are not suffi- 
cient to tie the next lowest score ; and all that may be de- 
pending upon the game shall be decided in accordance with 
the standing of each player when pool is called. 

6. — A player forfeits one ball for making a miss, pocket- 
ing the cue-ball, forcing the cue-ball off the table, for fail- 
ing as described in Rule 3, and for striking the cue-ball 
twice. 

7. — It is a strok , and one ball is forfeited, if the striker 
touch the cue-ball with his cue and make a miss, or touch 
it with his clothing, or any other object. 

8. — A stroke made when any ball is in motion is foul, 
one ball is forfeited, and the incoming striker may either 
have the balls replaced or play as he finds them. 

9. — When the cue-ball is struck twice, the balls disturbed 
in consequence of the second stroke shall be replaced, or 
the incoming striker, if he choose, may play as he finds 
them; the striker forfeits one ball. 





DICK ARNST. 
He is the Champion Sculler of the World. 



CHICAGO POOL, 



This game is played with the numbered pool balls from 
1 to 15 and a white cue ball, as in Fifteen ball Pool, the 
object being to play upon and pocket the balls in their 
numerical order. 

The table is laid out for the game by placing the one ball 
against the end cushion at the first right-hand diamond 
sight at the foot of the table; the two-ball is placed at the 
centre diamond sight on same cushion; the remaining thir- 
teen balls are placed in the order of their numbers at the 
succeeding diamond sights, as shown in the diagram. All 
things being equal, it is immaterial which way the numbers 
run in setting the balls, for they may also be set so that the 
one-ball is placed on that diamond sight which, when stand- 
ing at the head of the table and looking toward the foot or 
lower end, appears as the left-hand diamond sight on the end 
rail, with the three-ball placed at the right, etc. 

The three sights on the end rail at head of the table are not 
occupied by any ball. 

In opening the game the order of play is determined by 
throwing out small numbered balls, as in Fifteen-ball Pool, 
and he whose first play it may be strikes the cue-ball from 
any point within the string line. 

The opening stroke must be to strike the one-ball. If 
that ball is holed it is placed to the credit of the player, and 
he continues his hand until he fails to score, but in con- 
tinuing he must play each time upon the ball bearing the 
lowest number on the table. After playing upon that ball, 
however, should any other be pocketed by the same stroke, 
irrespective of its number, it shall be placed to the player's 
credit so pocketing it. 

If the line of aim at the ball required to be hit is covered 
by another ball, the player may resort to a bank play or 
masse, etc., but should he fail to hit the required ball he 
forfeits three, receiving a scratch. 

Should a ball be holed by a foul stroke it is replaced upon 
the spot it occupied at the opening of the game, but should 



9 8 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

it be the 8, 9, 10 or 11 ball so holed, they being within the 
string, and the cue-ball in hand, then the balls specified are 
to be placed upon the pyramid or red-ball spot, or should 
that be occupied, as near to it as is possible, as in Fifteen- 
ball Pool. 

The player having the lowest aggregate score is required 
to pay for general refreshment for all in the game. The 
player having the second lowest score pays for the game. 

The rules of Fifteen-ball Pool govern Chicago Pool, ex- 
cept where they conflict with the foregoing rules. 




BOTTLE POOL. 



The game of Bottle Pool is played on a pool table with 
one white ball, the i and 2 ball, and pool-bottle. The 1 and 
2 balls must be spotted, respectively, at the foot of the table, 
at the left and right diamond nearest each pocket, and the 
pool-bottle is placed standing on its neck on the spot in the 
centre of the table, and when it falls it must be set up, if 
possible, where it rests. 

Carom on the two object-balls counts 1 point; pocket- 
ing the i-ball counts 1 point; pocketing the 2-ball counts 2 
points, carom from ball and upsetting, bottle counts 5 
points. n 

1. — Any number of persons can play, and the rotation of 
the players is decided as in ordinary pool. 

2. — The game consists of 31 points. 

3. — Player No. 1 must play; with the white ball from any 
point within the string at the head of the table, at either 
the 1 or 2 ball at his option. 

4.— The player having the least number qf points at the 
finish of the game shall be adjudged the loser. 

5. — The player who leads must play at and strike one of 
the object-balls before he can score a carom on the pool- 
bottle. 

6. — A player who makes more than 31 points is burst, 
and must start his string anew ; all that he makes in excess 
of 31 points count on his new string, and the next player 
plays. 

7. — If a player carom on the bottle from either of the 
object-balls, in such a way as to seat the bottle on its base, 
he wins the Rame, without further play. 

8. — Should the 1 or 2 ball in any way, during the stroke, 
touch the bottle and the bottle is in the same play knocked 
over or stood on its base by the cue-ball, the stroke does 
not count. 

9- — If the player forces the bottle off the table or into a 
pocket, the bottle must be spotted on its proper spot in the 
centre of the table, the player loses his shot and forfeits 
one point, and the next player plays. 

10. — The player must play with the tip or point of his 
cue. 



IOO THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 

ii. — After a ball has been pocketed, if it be the i-ball it 
must be spotted on the red-ball spot at the foot of the 
table; if that be occupied the ball shall then be spotted at 
the i-ball spot at the diamond; if that be occupied it shall 
be spotted at the 2-ball diamond. 

12. — The player making a foul stroke shall lose his shot, 
and shall also forfeit one point, which must be deducted 
from his string. 

(i) A foul stroke shall be when the player misses both 
object-balls. (2) When the player misses both balls, and 
knocks down the bottle. (3) When the player knocks down 
the bottle with the object-ball, his cue, his hand, or with 
his clothing. (4) When the cue-ball is forced off the table 
or into a pocket. (5) When the bottle is forced off the 
table or into a pocket. (6) When the player knocks down 
the bottle with the cue-ball before coming in contact with 
an object-ball. (7) If the player has not at least one foot 
touching the floor. 

13. — Whenever the bottle is knocked over and cannot be 
spotted on its neck without coming in contact with an ob- 
ject-ball, it shall then be spotted on its proper spot; if that 
be occupied it shall then be spotted on the red-ball spot ; if 
that be occupied, on the white-ball spot. 

14. — When a player in playing knocks the bottle off the 
table or onto a cushion with one of the object-balls, the 
player does not forfeit a point, but forfeits his shot and the 
next player plavs. 

15. — Whenever the bottle-spot is occupied by an object- 
ball, the bottle shall be spotted on the red-ball spot ; if that 
be occupied, on the white-ball spot. 

16. — If a player has made thirty-one points he must pro- 
claim it before the next stroke is made, for which purpose 
a reasonable delay must be allowed for calculation, espe- 
cially in the latter portion of the game ; but if a player has 
made thirty-one points and fails to announce it before 
the next play, he then cannot proclaim the fact until the 
rotation of play again comes round to him ; in the mean- 
while, if any other player makes thirty-one points and pro- 
claims it properly, he is entitled to the pool, wholly irre- 
spective of the fact that the number was made, though not 
proclaimed before. 

If played on a billiard table, a white cue-ball and two 
red balls are used, and except as to balls pocketed the 
counts and rules are the same as when played on a pool 
table. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. IOI 

PUTTING THE STONE. 



Rule i. — In putting the stone it must be delivered from 
the shoulder with either hand, seven feet run allowed. 

Rule 2. — No put to count if delivered or followed with 
any part of the body touching the ground in front or on 
either side of the scratch. 

Rule 3. — The weight of the stone to be not over sixteen 
pounds. 

Rule 4. — The put to be measured from the centre of the 
scratch to the nearest break of ground. 

Rule 5. — The scratch to be three feet long. 

Rule 6. — Three tries only to be allowed. 

Rule 7. — Crossing the scratch in the attempt to count as 
"No Throw." 

Rule 8. — The best three competitors of the first trial to 
be allowed three more tries each for the final. The farthest 
puts of the six attempts to win. 



QUOIT THROWING. 



Rule 1. — All playing to be on stiff clay ends, which must 
not be less than two feet in diameter, nor less than eight 
inches deep. 

Rule 2. — The distance to be eighteen yards from centre 
to centre of mott (head of pin), the player not to stand 
more than three feet from the mott played from, and al- 
ways in a line with it. 

Rule 3. — All quoits to be circular in shape, and uniform 
in thickness ; the outer diameter must not exceed ten inches, 
the rim of no quoit to exceed two and a half inches, and 
each player shall choose his own weight of quoit. 

Rule 4. — The pin is to be driven into the ground, at an 
angle of 45 degrees, till the mott is level with the clay, and 
is not to be touched on any account before measurement. 

Rule 5. — Removal of clay from quoit before measurement 
is allowable, provided the quoit is not moved by so doing. 




FRANK KRAMER. 
A Speedy Bicycle Rider and a Champion. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. I03 

Rule 6. — Measurement to be made with compasses or 
calipers, and distance taken from the centre point of mott 
to the nearest part of quoit ; if a loose quoit interferes with 
the measurement it may be removed. 

Rule 7. — Should a quoit be broken during the game, the 
largest part of the quoit to count, and the player allowed 
another pair of quoits to finish the game. 

Rule 8. — A player is allowed to follow his quoit after 
delivering it, and to see how his opponent's quoits lie. 

Rule 9. — Each player to have a director, if desired. 

Rule 10. — A referee to be appointed, whose decision shall 
be considered final. 

Rule 11. — The lead to be decided by a toss, and the win- 
ner of each end to lead at the next playing alternately. 

Rule 12. — When a number of players are to participate in 
a match, the players shall draw for their opponents by lot. 
Two sets of figures to be used, and the players drawing cor- 
responding numbers to play together. 

Rule 13. — When there is more than one rink they are to 
be numbered before drawing, and the players to take their 
places according to the numbers drawn. 

Rule 14. — If there are not rinks enough for all the play- 
ers, the lowest number which has not played is to begin on 
rink No. i ; next, 2, and so on. 

Rule 15. — When there is an odd number of players the 
one drawing the blank is called "bye ;" he lays off until all 
have played, and draws in the next round ; but no one shall 
be a "bye" more than once in a match. 

Rule 16. — When a match ends in three players to decide, 
two play off, and the "bye" then plays with the winner. 
Should the "bye' then beat, that settles the game ; but if 
the first winner of the round is successful then the "bye" 
and first loser play off for second and third place. 

Rule 17. — When a match ends with four players, and a 
third prize is given, the two players that are beaten shall 
play for it. 

Rule 18. — Talking to players, except by the director, and 
all improper language is strictly prohibited. 



RAT KILLING. 



Rule I. — Each dog to kill as many rats as he, the said 
dog, weighs pounds. 

Rule 2. — Any dog exceeding one-quarter of a pound over 
the pounds he weighs, is to kill one rat extra, unless other- 
wise agreed on. 

Rule 3. — The name of the owner, the name, color, etc., of 
the dog, weight and number of the rats they have to kill, 
must be written on separate slips of card and put into a hat 
or can. 

Rule 4. — A referee and a timekeeper to be appointed, with 
a stop watch, and another person to look over him; the 
time to be kept by one watch only; and in case of any dis- 
pute, the decision of the referee to be final. 

Rule 5. — The smallest number of rats are to be put into 
the pit; a card is to be then drawn from the hat or can, 
and the number of rats named on it announced ; and the rat 
catcher is to make up the number (if any is required), 
when the name of the owner and of his dog is to be an- 
nounced. 

Rule 6. — The second is to let the dog go when the time- 
keeper is ready to take the time by any one that may be 
agreed on. 

Rule 7. — The second is not to touch the dog or rat until 
he considers the rats are all dead. He is then to pick up his 
dog and call time dead, the timekeeper to stop his watch 
and announce the time. N. B. — If the second infringe upon 
this rule by touching the dog or rats, for any purpose, the 
referee shall adjudge the dog to have lost the match. 

Rule 8. — If the owners of any dogs engaged in the match 
(but no other person) consider that the rats are not all 
killed, or that the second has picked up his dog foul — that 
is, he has taken up the dog before he had bitten all the rats 
— he is to appeal to the referee; and if he (the referee) 
considers that he has done so intentionally, the said dog to 
be excluded. N. B. — if the referee considers that it is not 
a foul pick-up, but that the rats are not all dead, he is to 
point them out; and if there is any doubt, the second is to 
tread on their tails, and if they crawl their whole length, 
they are to be considered live rats and the dog is to be put 
down again to kill them. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. I05 

Rule 9. — The dog is to be held in the middle of the pit, 
in a marked circle, when the timekeeper is ready he is to 
be let go, and the time he takes to kill them is to be added 
for the first time. 



RUNNING RULES. 



Rule I. — In all races a referee, two judges and a time- 
keeper, also a starter, shall be appointed. 

Rule 2. — The running course for each contestant shall be 
at least one yard wide, and separated by stakes, ten feet 
apart, with wire or rope, from the ground. 

Rule 3. — The referee shall decide whether the track is in 
proper condition for a race; and shall be empowered to 
delay or postpone if the weather and track are bad. 

Rule 4. — Each man shall toss for choice of tracks and 
sides; and should he act unfairly toward his opponent, he 
shall be disqualified. 

Rule 5. — A tape shall be stretched across the score at the 
finish-line three to four feet from the ground, and suitable 
to the referee. 

Rule 6. — The contestants shall stand on the proper mark 
when the pistol-firer notifies them; and when they are on 
their resoective marks, he shall stand in the rear and fire 
the pistol. 

Rule 7. — The starter shall station himself in such a posi- 
tion that the men cannot see the flash. 

Rule 8. — Either contestant leaving or going over the 
mark with either foot previous to the firing or snapping of 
the pistol, shall be penalized two feet for the first offence ; 
one yard for the second ; one yard and a half for the third ; 
and on the fourth shall be disqualified. 

Rule 9. — The referee shall station himself at the end of 
the tape, in a position to see clearly and decide fairly in 
what order the men finish. 

Rule 10. — A man failing to make good his deposits or 
refusing to obey the orders of the referee, shall lose all 
claim to the moneys posted. 

Rule 11. — A dead heat shall be run off within one hour, 
unless the referee orders otherwise. 



106 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 

Rule 12. — A referee, starter and two judges shall be ap- 
pointed in all contests ; and the timekeeper shall station 
himself at the end of the tape, opposite the referee. 

Rule 13. — In case a starter cannot be agreed upon, the 
referee shall be empowered to select that official. If a 
referee cannot b selected, the stakeholder shall select one; 
and in all match races a final stakeholder shall be appointed 
at the posting of the first deposit. 

Rule 14. — The referee shall have full power to decide all 
questions of dispute, and decide all pools, bets, etc., and his 
decision shall be final ; and all prizes, awards, stakes, pools, 
bets, shall be paid according to his decision. 

Rule 15. — A pistol-shot shall be deemed a "start," but a 
snap-cap will be considered "no start." 

Rule 16. — In the event of darkness coming on, the men 
shall complete the race at the time appointed by the referee. 



SWIMMING. 



Rule 1. — The referee who shall be chosen the day of the 
race or beforehand, shall previous to the start describe in 
the hearing of all the competitors, the course of the compe- 
tition. Should they be required to round any object, he 
shall also describe in what manner it shall be rounded. If 
a boat be the goal it is where practicable to be securely 
moored at both ends. 

Rule 2. — The start to be directed by the referee who, 
when he is satisfied that all the competitors are ready, shall 
simply give the word "go." 

Rule 3. — Any start made before the referee's order in a 
scratch race shall be deemed a false start and the com- 
petitors be required to return to their stations, but if in a 
handicap race the competitors to be disqualified. 

Rule 4. — Any competitor rounding an object contrary to 
the referee's directions and not turning back shall also be 
disqualified. 

Rule 5. — If in any competition a dead heat ensues, the 
competitors shall again contend at such time and place as 
the referee may direct unless they mutually agree. 

Rule 6.— The referee shall be sole judge of any foul that 
may take place. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. I07 

Rule 7. — Any competitor swimming over must complete 
the entire distance from start to finish in order to qualify 
himself as the winner. 

Rule 8. — A competitor will have finished the race when 
any part of his person reaches the finish line. 



THROWING THE HAMMER. 

Rule 1. — The competitor must stand at the scratch and 
not swing around with the hammer. 

Rule 2. — When the head and handle strike at the same 
time, the head mark is the measuring mark. 

Rule 3. — Should the handle strike first, a length of the 
handle will be added, measured from the point of striking 
in direction of the head. 

Rule 4. — Only three tries to be allowed each competitor. 

Rule 5. — Where the length of the run is not limited, the 
throw to be measured from the nearest footprint at the 
delivery to the pitch of the ball. 

Rule 6. — The best three competitors of the first trial to be 
allowed three more tries each for the final. The farthest 
throw of the six attempts to win. 

Rule 7. — The weight of the hammer not to be over six- 
teen pounds. ;; 

Rule 8. — The accuracy of the measurement is facilitated 
by sprinkling ashes, sawdust or sand at the point of deliv- 
ery. The foot-prints of the competitors must be effaced 
after each throw. 

TUG OF WAR CONTESTS. 

Rule 1. — Teams shall be composed of one captain, one 
vice captain,- seven men and two substitutes. 

Rule 2.— All pulls should be made on a platform at least 
90 feet long, 3 feet 6 inches high and 3 feet 10 inches wide, 
with cross cleats four inches apart or six inches from cen- 
ter to center, made out of 2-inch quarter round wood, 

Rule 3. — Rope shall be 4 inches in. circumference, with 
spliced loop at each end -5^2 feet long to go around and be- 
secured to anchorman's ■■: belt.-- The belt must not weigh 
more than 25.. pounds, and shall be so constructed that it 
cannot.-. be;- used. -jb.y.-- the anchorman as a leverage against 



108 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES 

the cleats, to aid him in pulling, but solely as a protection 
to his body. 

Rule 4. — The center of the rope is marked with red, and 
before the pull is firmly fastened to the platform by a lever 
strong enough to hold the team, and is released by a spring 
controlled by the referee. 

Rule 5. — An automatic indicator should be used visible 
to all the spectators; this is a very useful contrivance and 
increases the interest in the pull. (Planck's Latest Im- 
proved Indicator multiplies by four times the distance the 
rope moves.) 

Rule 6. — (a) In international pulls the members of the 
teams must be bona fide citizens of the country they rep- 
resent, (b) If the Tug of War is between American citi- 
zens, representing different nations, the members must have 
been born in the country they represent. 

Rule 7. — (a) For light weight teams, the weight of the 
whole seven men on the rope shall not exceed 1050 pounds, 
nor shall any man on the rope exceed 170 pounds, (b) For 
middle weight the limit shall be 1200 pounds for the whole 
seven men and 185 pounds for the individual, (c) Heavy 
weight teams are unlimited as to weight. 

Rule 8. — There shall be seven men for each team, includ- 
ing the anchorman. Two cleats, one each three feet from 
the center of the platform, shall be painted red, and when 
the center of the rope passes a red cleat, the pull is ter- 
minated. 

A time limit may be agreed upon in writing before a con- 
test, but if no such agreement is made the time limit shall 
be 30 minutes; and if the three feet has not been gained in 
the time by any team, the decision shall be given to the 
team having the advantage at the expiration of the time 
limit. The slightest perceptible gain from the center shall 
be considered an advantage. 

Rule 9. — There shall be two judges and a referee; the 
judges shall see that teams are placed and pull fairly, with- 
out foul or misconduct. The referee shall be starter and 
sole judge of the pull. His decision shall be final. He 
shall signal start and finish by a pistol. 

Each captain of a team may select an extra judge on his 
own behalf to assist the other judges in the contest. 

Rule 10. — An anchorman shall not touch the platform 
or cleats with his hands except only to steady himself 
should he lose his balance. No person shall touch or inter- 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 109 

fere in any way with any member of the team when pulling. 
All pulls must be made with bare hands ; no artificial grips 
of any kind allowed, but any puller may rub on his hands 
any substance he may choose. No spikes, projecting nails, 
or any artificial means or attachments will be allowed to 
be used on boots or footwear. 

Rule 11. — Each captain shall furnish the management 
with the names, ages, weight and birthplace of the mem- 
bers of his team. The referee shall weigh the team imme- 
diately before the contest, and shall have the captains pres- 
ent inspect paraphernalia, and he shall hear and decide all 
objections and disputes preliminary to the pull. 

Rule 12. — In a tournament the order in which the teams 
shall be placed against each other shall be decided by draw- 
ing lots in the presence of the captains. 

Rule 13. — The two substitutes may be allowed to pull by 
the referee, but only when he is satisfied of the inability of 
one or more of the regular team to be present and pull. In 
the event of a tie between the two teams and a final pull-off 
between them the same day, no substitutes will be allowed 
for any reason. In other cases, should any team have to 
pull twice in one day, it shall be allowed to use one or both 
of its substitutes. 

Rule 14. — In a tournament the teams, including captain, 
vice captain and substitutes, must be photographed in a 
body for identification before tournament. 

Rule 15. — All challenges against any teams or members 
thereof shall be made in writing by a captain, and any 
charge of want of qualification must be made 24 hours be- 
fore a pull. AJ^ charges shall be submitted to the manage- 
ment. 

Rule 16. — The management shall have the power to rule 
out or fine any team or member thereof; and any team 
ruled out of a ^tournament forfeits any benefit from the 
tournament that it might otherwise receive. 

Rule 17. — Tournament shall be awarded to the team hav- 
ing highest per cent, of winning pulls. In the event of two 
or more teams having an equal number of winning pulls, 
they shall pull off for final decision. 

Rule 18. — Any pull off for final decision is part of the 
tournament, and must be so conducted and in no way 
made a separate event, and if such finals are pulled off on 
a special date, all receipts therefrom shall be part of the 
general receipts of the tournament. 



WRESTLING. 



Catch-as-Catch-Can, or Lancashire* 



In catch-as-catch-can wrestlers are allowed to catch hold 
of any portion of the body with one single exception, but 
they must not scratch, throttle, or commit any unfair act. 
Neither are they allowed to be rubbed with grease, resin or 
any pernicious drug. A second is not allowed to touch his 
man or his opponent's man while wrestling. If the wres- 
tlers get entangled with the boundary of the ring, they shall 
draw off, and renew the contest' with the same hold as 
when they drew off. 

The decision of the referee in any match is final, and the 
stakes to be given up accordingly. If the referee be not 
chosen in the articles, and the wrestlers or backers cannot 
agree to appoint one in fifteen minutes from the time of 
entering the ring, the stakeholder shall appoint one. The 
men are allowed ten minutes between each fall. If a 
wrestler gain a fall and neglect or refuse to continue the 
contest, his opponent shall claim the stakes, or in the event 
of a wrestler gaining a throw, he can claim the stakes in the 
absence of any arrangement to continue the match. Any 
dispute arising not provided for in the articles, shall be 
settled by the referee, whose decision shall be final. 




Police Gazette Rules for Catch-as-Catch-Can. 



i. — Either opponent may press his arm against his antag- 
onist's throat. 

2. — Strangle hold is barred. 

3. — Two shoulders touching the floor at the same time, 
to constitute a fall. 

4. — No less than 10 nor more than 20 minutes' rest al- 
lowed between each wrestling bout. 

5. — All bets to go with the stakes. The referee to an- 
nounce at all times when a match is not concluded which 
way the stakes shall go. 

6. — If the referee be not chosen in the articles, and the 
wrestlers or backers cannot agree to appoint one within 15 
minutes from the time of entering the ring, the stakeholder 
shall appoint one. 

7. — In all matches the wrestlers must be in gymnasium 
shoes, and they will not be permitted to scratch, throttle, 
or commit any other unfair act toward each other. Neither 
will they be allowed to be rubbed with grease, resin, or 
any pernicious drug, on any part of their bodies. A second 
is not allowed to touch his own or his opponent's man 
while wrestling — touching either competitor while in the 
act of wrestling will be a disqualification against the of- 
fender and his party, and the referee shall decide against 
them. If the wrestlers work off the mat the referee shall 
order them to the centre, where the same holds shall be 
renewed. 

CORNWALL AND DEVONSHIRE STYLE. 

The men to wrestle in strong loose linen jackets, the 
hold to be taken above the waist or by any portion of 
the jacket. Kicking is barred. 

KICKING IS BARRED. 

For a fair fall two hips and one shoulder or two shoul- 
ders and one hip must be on the mat, and a man must be 
thrown flat on his back before any other portion of his 
body touches before a decision can be given against him. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 



A competitor who is thrown on his stomach or buttocks 
is allowed to rise and renew the contest. 

If the man making the throw touches the mat previously 
with either his hand, knee, or any part of his body, no fall 
is allowed. N 

Taking hold of the two collars of an opponent's jacket 
is not allowed. 

Three minutes are allowed between each fall. 

RULES OF CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND WRESTLING. 

On taking hold the wrestlers stand up chest to chest, each 
placing his chin on his opponent's shoulder and grasping 
him around the bodv, each placing his left arm above the 
right of his antagonist. 

When both men have a firm hold and are fairly on their 
guard the play commences, and, with the exception of kick- 
ing, they are allowed to use every legitimate means to 
throw each other. 

If either party breaks his hold, that is, leaves loose, 
though not on the ground, and the other still retains his 
hold, the one so leaving loose shall be the loser. 

If either man touches the floor with one knee only, or 
any other part of his body, though he may still retain his 
hold, he shall not be allowed to recover himself, but shall 
be the loser. 

If the men fall side by side or otherwise so that the um- 
pire cannot decide which was first on the ground, it shall 
be what is technically termed a "dog fall," and shall be 
wrestled over again. 

If both fall on the ground, the man who is first down, or 
who falls under the other, shall be the loser. 

GRAECO-ROMAN WRESTLING. 

The rules for Grseco-Roman wrestling are as follows : 

The wrestlers are only allowed to take hold from the 
head, and not lower than the waist. 

Taking hold of the legs is strictly forbidden. 

The wrestling is with open hands, and the wrestlers are 
not allowed to strike or scratch. 

If the wrestlers roll over each other, the one whose 
shoulders shall touch the carpet first is deemed thrown, if 
rolling falls are to count. 

It is necessary that both shoulders shall touch the ground 
at the same time in order to claim a fall. 

All matches to be best two out of three falls ; each fall 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. U3 

to consist of two shoulders being upon the ground at the 
same time ; if but one fall is gained after three hours' 
wrestling, the contestant winning that fall to be declared 
winner of the match. If two falls were got, one by each, 
at that time, then the contest to go on until a second fall 
is won by either wrestler. If each contestant wins a fall, 
the match must continue until decided, unless otherwise 
agreed upon. 

COLLAR AND ELBOW WRESTLING. 

The contestants shall be required to wear knit shirts or 
short jackets, not to extend below the hips, with strong 
collar and sleeve for the grasp of his opponent. 

Each contestant to wear rubber shoes or sandals on the 
feet. 

Each wrestler shall take hold of the collar of his oppo- 
nent with his right hand. The grasp of the collar to be 
opposite the left ear of his opponent, and neither contest- 
ant shall be allowed to loose or break his hold, or shift his 
hand on the collar, forward or back, until a fall is de- 
cided. Should either contestant do so, tne referee shall 
have full power to decide the bout against him and in favor 
of his opponent. 

Both contestants shall be made to stand up and move 
their feet alternately; at the same time the right arm must 
be held in a loose instead of a stiff position, in order that 
his opponent shall have an opportunity to move forward at 
his pleasure. 

If either contestant break his grasp or hold during a bout 
with one or both hands to save himself from falling or to 
gain a momentary advantage, it shall be considered a foul, 
and the referee shall decide the fall or bout against him. 

No kicking to be allowed, and any contestant who shall 
wilfully kick, or attempt to kick his opponent, shall forfeit 
the match and stakes according to the option of the referee. 

To decide what is considered a bout or fall at this style 
of wrestling, a contestant will be required to throw his op- 
ponent fair on his back, so that two hips and one shoulder, 
or two shoulders and one hip shall strike the ground or 
floor at the same time to constitute a fall. Under no cir- 
cumstances shall a referee be allowed to decide or declare 
a bout won unless either of the contestants commit a foul 
by kicking or breaking holds. 

Should a referee chosen or selected in any contest be 
found to be biased, prejudiced or incapable, either of the 




ST. YVES. 
One of the Best Marathon Runners in the Country. 



THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES. 1 1.5 

contestants shall have the power, on satisfactory evidence 
being produced or affirmed, to resign the contest. 

No butting or scratching shall be allowed, and the referee 
shall have full power to disqualify a contestant on the first 
offense. 

Under no circumstances, in any contest, shall the wres- 
tlers be allowed to rest until a fall is gained, and the 
referee shall have no power to allow the contestants to rest 
without the mutual consent of both parties. 

SIDE HOLD WRESTLING. 

Each contestant shall furnish a set of strong leather or 
webb harness, which must reach from the shoulder to the 
waist, and from the neck to the elbow. 

The men shall toss for choice of holds and the man 
winning the toss can take the left and under or right and 
over. 

The contestant taking the left and under shall take hold 
of his opponent's harness at the waist on the left side with 
his left hand, and his opponent's left hand with his right. 

The contestant taking the right and over shall take hold 
of his opponent's harness behind the right shoulder with 
his right hand and his opponent's right hand with his own 
left. 

Both wrestlers shall stand side to side and show fair 
and equal play, or forfeit one fall for each caution after the 
first. 

If either contestant break his grasp or hold during a 
bout with one or both hands to save himself from falling or 
to gain a momentary advantage, it shall be considered a 
foul, and the referee shall decide the fall or bout against 
him. 

No kicking to be allowed, and any contestant who shall 
wilfully, after caution, kick or attempt to kick his oppo- 
nent, shall forfeit the match and stakes according to the 
option of the referee. 

To decide what is considered a bout or fall at this style 
of wrestling, a contestant will be required to throw his 
opponent fair on his back; two shoulders must strike the 
ground or floor at the same time to constitute a fall. Un- 
der no circumstances shall the referee be allowed to decide 
or declare a bout won unless either of the contestants com- 
mit a foul by kicking or breaking holds. 

No butting or scratching shall be allowed, and the referee 



£l6 THE OFFICIAL BOOK OF RULES, 



shall have full power to disqualify a contestant on the first 
offense. 

Under no circumstances, in any contest, shall the wres- 
tlers be allowed to rest until a fall is gained, and the referee 
shall have no power to allow the contestants to rest without 
the mutual consent of both parties. 

A rest of 15 minutes shall be allowed between each bout. 

RULES GOVERNING AMATEUR WRESTLING. 

Under amateur rules bouts are limited to six minutes, 
and if there is no fall there is a rest of three minutes, to 
be followed by six minutes more of wrestling. Then, if 
neither contestant has scored a fall, the referee has the 
power to give the decision to the man who in his opinion 
has done the better work. 

Flying and rolling falls are counted. 

The hammer lock is barred, as are also the double Nel- 
son and strangle. 




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LIFE AND BATTLES OF 

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THE FIRST OF HIS RACE TO ATTAIN THIS HIGH POSITION 

Contains Full Record, and his Fight by Rounds with Tommy Burns 

RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING CO., NEW YORK CITY 
SENT BY MA'L FOR 7 TWO-CENT STAMPS 



THE DOG PIT 

An Illustrated Treatise on the Breeding, Training 
and Handling of Fighting Dogs. 



HOW TO -. .„ TD , |S 

mmmmmmmm. 










It Also Contains The Latest 

Police Gazette Rules, 

Mailed for Fourteen 2-cent Stamps, 



RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING CO., NEW YORK CITY 



NEW BOOK ON 

WRESTLING 

By FRANK GOTCH 
The World's Champion 



9 
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d/7 indispensible book for those who 
wish to learn the art of WRESTLING. 



SENT ON RECEIPT OF SEVEN 2-CENT STAMPS 



FEB 7 1913 



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